4-nitrotoluene
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
1-Methyl-4-nitrobenzene
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| Other names
p-Nitrotoluene
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.553 |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C7H7NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 137.14 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | crystalline solid |
| Odor | weak, aromatic |
| Density | 1.1038 g·cm−3 (75 °C) |
| Melting point | 51.63 °C (124.93 °F; 324.78 K) |
| Boiling point | 238.3 °C (460.9 °F; 511.4 K) |
| 0.04% (20°C) | |
| Vapor pressure | 0.1 mmHg (20°C) |
| −72.06·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 106 °C; 223 °F; 379 K |
| Explosive limits | 1.6%–? |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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1231 mg/kg (mouse, oral) 1960 mg/kg (rat, oral) 1750 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) |
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin] |
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REL (Recommended)
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TWA 2 ppm (11 mg/m3) [skin] |
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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200 ppm |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
4-Nitrotoluene or para-nitrotoluene is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4NO2. It is a pale yellow solid. This compound is mainly used to prepare dyes.
Together with other isomers, 4-nitrotoluene is prepared by nitration of toluene. It undergoes the expected reactions, e.g. hydrogenation gives p-toluidine.
The principle application involves its sulfonation to give the 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonic acid (SO3H group adjacent to methyl). This species is produced on a large scale since it can be coupled to make stilbene derivatives which are used as dyes. Representative derivatives include 4,4'-dinitroso- and the 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids.
There is some evidence for toxicity and carcinogenicity in mice.
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