Abdul Karim (the Munshi)

Munshi Hafiz Mohammed Abdul Karim CIE CVO
Portrait by Rudolf Swoboda, 1888
Indian Secretary to Queen Victoria
In office 1892–1901
Personal details
Born	1863 Lalatpur near Jhansi, British India
Died	April 1909 (aged 46) Agra, British India
Nationality	Indian (British subject)
Spouse(s)	Rashidan Karim
Religion	Islam

Hafiz Mohammed Abdul Karim CIE, CVO (1863 – April 1909) (Hindi: हाफ़िज़ मुहम्मद अब्दुल करीम, Urdu: حافظ محمد عبد الكريم‎), known as "the Munshi", was an Indian Muslim attendant of Queen Victoria. He served her during the final fifteen years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time.

Karim was born near Jhansi in British India, the son of a hospital assistant. In 1887, Victoria's Golden Jubilee year, Karim was one of two Indians selected to become servants to the Queen. Victoria came to like him a great deal and gave him the title of "Munshi", an Urdu word often translated as "clerk" or "teacher". Victoria appointed him her Indian Secretary, showered him with honours, and obtained a land grant for him in India.

The close platonic relationship between Karim and the Queen led to friction within the Royal Household, the other members of which felt themselves to be superior to him. The Queen insisted on taking Karim with her on her travels, which caused arguments between her and her other attendants. Following Victoria's death in 1901, her successor, Edward VII, returned Karim to India and ordered the confiscation and destruction of the Munshi's correspondence with Victoria. Karim subsequently lived quietly near Agra, on the estate that Victoria had arranged for him, until his death at the age of 46.