Ablative (Latin)

In Latin grammar, the ablative case (in Latin, cāsus ablātīvus) is one of the six cases of nouns. Traditionally, it is the sixth case (Latin: cāsus sextus, cāsus latīnus). It has forms and functions derived from the Proto-Indo-European ablative, instrumental, and locative. It expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions from; with, by; and in, at. It is sometimes called the adverbial case, since phrases in the ablative can be translated as adverbs: incrēdibilī celeritāte, "with incredible speed", or "very quickly".

* Exceptionally

Some uses of the ablative descend from the Proto-Indo-European ablative case.

Some uses of the ablative descend from the Proto-Indo-European instrumental case.

Some meanings of the ablative descend from the Proto-Indo-European locative case.

Some Latin prepositions, like ex "from" or dē "about", take a noun in the ablative. Four prepositions (in "in/into", sub "under/to the foot of", subter "under", super "over") may take either an accusative or an ablative. In the case of the first two, the accusative indicates motion, and the ablative indicates no motion. For instance, in urbe means "in the city"; in urbem, "into the city". In the case of super, the accusative means "above" or "over", and the ablative means "concerning".

"SIDSPACE" and any of its anagrams, including "IS SPACED" and "PASS DICE", may be used as a mnemonic to remember the most common prepositions which use the ablative case:

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