Aluminum sulfide

Aluminium sulfide
Names

Other names Aluminum sulfide
Identifiers
CAS Number	1302-81-4^N
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	140154^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.736
PubChem	16684788
InChI InChI=1S/2Al.3S/q2+3;3-2^Y Key: COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/2Al.3S/q2+3;3-2 Key: COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES [Al+3].[Al+3].[S-2].[S-2].[S-2]
Properties
Chemical formula	Al₂S₃
Molar mass	150.158 g/mol
Appearance	gray solid
Density	2.02 g/cm³
Melting point	1,100 °C (2,010 °F; 1,370 K)
Boiling point	1,500 °C (2,730 °F; 1,770 K) sublimes
Solubility in water	decomposes
Solubility	insoluble in acetone
Structure
Crystal structure	trigonal
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	105.1 J/mol K
Std molar entropy (S^o₂₉₈)	116.9 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^o₂₉₈)	-724 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet	MSDS
EU classification (DSD)	not listed
NFPA 704	0 4 2
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Aluminum sulfide or aluminium sulphide is a chemical compound with the formula Al₂ S₃. This colorless species has an interesting structural chemistry, existing in several forms. The material is sensitive to moisture, hydrolyzing to hydrated aluminium oxides/hydroxides. This can begin when the sulfide is exposed to the atmosphere. The hydrolysis reaction generates gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).

More than six crystalline forms of aluminium sulfide are known and only some are listed below. Most of them have rather similar, wurtzite-like structures, and differ by the arrangement of lattice vacancies, which form ordered or disordered sublattices.

The β and γ phases are obtained by annealing the most stable α-Al₂S₃ phase at several hundred degrees Celsius. Compressing aluminium sulfide to 2–65 kbar results in the δ phase where vacancies are arranged in a superlattice of tetragonal symmetry.

Unlike Al₂O₃, in which the Al(III) centers occupy octahedral holes, the more expanded framework of Al₂S₃ stabilizes the Al(III) centers into one third of the tetrahedral holes of a hexagonally close-packed arrangement of the sulfide anions. At higher temperature, the Al(III) centers become randomized to give a "defect wurtzite" structure. And at still higher temperatures stabilize the γ-Al₂S₃ forms, with a structure akin to γ-Al₂O₃.

Molecular derivatives of Al₂S₃ are not known. Mixed Al-S-Cl compounds are however known. Al₂Se₃ and Al₂Te₃ are also known.

Aluminium sulfide is readily prepared by ignition of the elements

This reaction is extremely exothermic and it is not necessary or desirable to heat the whole mass of the sulfur-aluminium mixture; (except possibly for very small amounts of reactants). The product will be created in a fused form; it reaches a temperature greater than 1100 °C and may melt its way through steel. The cooled product is very hard.

...
Wikipedia