Anglicisation

Anglicisation (or anglicization, see spelling differences), occasionally Englishing, is the process of converting something to more "English" norms. It commonly refers to the respelling of foreign words, often to a more drastic degree than romanisation. Examples of this include the German city of Köln anglicised to Cologne, or the Arabic word romanised as jinn or djinn (Arabic: الجن‎‎, al-jinn) anglicised to "genie".

Social and economic anglicisation was an important objective of the English crown in the Celtic regions of the United Kingdom, in Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Social anglicisation was also a feature in some sectors of society under the British Empire.

In terms of language, anglicisation is a policy of use of the English language, such as was one of the causes contributing to the Boer War. The adoption of English as a personal, preferred language is another form of anglicisation. Calvin Veltman, following the methods of analysis developed in Quebec, Canada for establishing language shift, uses the term to refer to the practice of individuals in minority language groups who cease using their mother tongue as their preferred language and adopt English instead. Rates of anglicisation may be calculated by comparing the number of people who usually speak English to the total number of people in any given minority language group.

Anglicisation within a language is adapting oral or written elements of any other language into a form that is more comprehensible to a speaker of English; or in general, of altering something so that it becomes English in form or character. It is also called , , or .

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