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Battle of Khalkin Gol

Battles of Khalkhyn Gol
(Battles of Nomonhan)
Part of the Soviet–Japanese Border Wars
Khalkhin Gol Soviet offensive 1939.jpg
Khalkhyn Gol, August 1939. Offensive of Soviet BT-7 tanks
Date 11 May – 15 September 1939
Location Khalkha River, Mongolian People's Republic
Result

Soviet and Mongolian victory

  • Japanese attack halted
  • Ceasefire agreement signed
  • Japan abandons plans for expansion into Siberia
Territorial
changes
Status quo ante; enforcement of border claims in accordance with the Soviet interpretation
Belligerents
 Soviet Union
Mongolia Mongolian People's Republic
 Empire of Japan
 Manchukuo
Commanders and leaders
Soviet Union Grigoriy Shtern
Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov
Soviet Union Yakov Smushkevich
Mongolia Khorloogiin Choibalsan
Empire of Japan Michitarō Komatsubara
Empire of Japan Yasuoka Masaomi
Empire of Japan Kōtoku Satō
Strength

61,860–73,961
498–550 tanks
385–450 armored cars
900+ aircraft (participated)

  • Peak strength: 580
500–634 artillery pieces
4,000 trucks
1,921 horses and camels (Mongol only)

30,00038,000
73 tanks
64 tankettes
400+ aircraft (participated)

  • Peak strength: 200
~300 artillery pieces
1,000 trucks
2,708 horses
Casualties and losses
Manpower:
Soviet Union 27,880
Mongolia 556-990
Equipment:
208 aircraft
253 tanks destroyed or crippled
133 armored cars destroyed
96 mortars and artillery
49 tractors and prime movers
652 trucks and other motor vehicles
significant animal casualties
Manpower:
Empire of Japan 17,000–20,000
Manchukuo 2,895
Equipment:
162 aircraft
42 tanks destroyed or crippled
Many tankettes destroyed
72 artillery pieces (field guns only)
2,330 horses killed, injured, or sick
significant motor vehicle losses

Soviet and Mongolian victory

61,860–73,961
498–550 tanks
385–450 armored cars
900+ aircraft (participated)

30,00038,000
73 tanks
64 tankettes
400+ aircraft (participated)

Coordinates: 47°43′49″N 118°35′24″E / 47.73028°N 118.59000°E / 47.73028; 118.59000

The Battles of Khalkhyn Gol were the decisive engagements of the undeclared Soviet–Japanese border conflicts fought among the Soviet Union, Mongolia and the Empire of Japan in 1939. The conflict was named after the river Khalkhyn Gol, which passes through the battlefield. In Japan, the decisive battle of the conflict is known as the Nomonhan Incident (ノモンハン事件 Nomonhan jiken?) after a nearby village on the border between Mongolia and Manchuria. The battles resulted in the defeat of the Japanese Sixth Army.

After the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931, Japan turned its military interests to Soviet territories that bordered those areas. The first major Soviet-Japanese border incident, the Battle of Lake Khasan, occurred in 1938 in Primorye. Clashes between Japanese and Soviet forces frequently occurred along the border of Manchuria.


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