Battle of Xiaoyao Ford
| Battle of Xiaoyao Ford | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the wars at the end of the Han dynasty | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Cao Cao | Sun Quan | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Zhang Liao Li Dian Yue Jin |
Sun Quan | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 7,000 standardised soldiers inside Hefei fortress, | ~100,000, 1,000 bodyguards under Sun Quan, 300 men under Ling Tong |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 700+ | 1300+ | ||||||
| Battle of Xiaoyao Ford | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 逍遙津之戰 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 逍遥津之战 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Battle of Leisure Ford | ||||||
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| Battle of Hefei | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 合肥之戰 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 合肥之战 | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xiāoyáojīn Zhī Zhàn |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Héféi Zhī Zhàn |
The Battle of Xiaoyao Ford, also known as the Battle of Leisure Ford, Battle of Hefei, and Hefei Campaign, was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Sun Quan between 214 and 215 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. The two contending sides were fighting for control over a strategic fortress at Hefei, which was defended by Cao Cao's general Zhang Liao. Towards the end of the campaign, Zhang Liao made use of force concentration and launched a sneak counteroffensive on Sun Quan at Leisure Ford, where Sun only had 1,000 soldiers with him at the time. Amidst the chaos, Sun Quan barely escaped capture with the aid of his general Ling Tong. This action raised Zhang Liao to primacy among Cao Cao's generals.
Long before Sun Quan solidified his control over southeastern China, Cao Cao had appointed Liu Fu as the Inspector of Yang Province, and had him build fortifications against besiegers. Liu Fu oversaw the construction of Hefei fortress (合肥城), stocked with boulders, logs, and reserves of fish oil.
In late 208 after the Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan led an army to invade Hefei but was unsuccessful despite several months of progress. The following year, the local parvenus and two former subordinates of Yuan Shu and Liu Fu, Chen Lan and Mei Cheng (梅成), rebelled in Lujiang (盧江) after the death of Liu Fu (whom they trusted), but the revolt was suppressed by Cao Cao's generals Zhang Liao and Zang Ba. Cao Cao then ordered Zhang Liao, Yue Jin and Li Dian to lead 7,000 troops to enter Hefei fortress, Xiahou Dun to lead 26 juns (325,000 men) to prepare for probable attacks, and Xiahou Yuan to handle logistics. Chen Lan's ally, Lei Bo, surrendered to another warlord Liu Bei.
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