Denmark competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Danish athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games throughout the modern era, except for the sparsely attended 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis. They won 15 medals, of which two were gold. It was their largest medal tally since 1948.

The following Danish athletes won medals at the Games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded.

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games. Note that reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not counted as athletes:

Danish athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event): London 2012 Olympians Andreas Bube and Sara Slott Petersen, along with 2010 Youth Olympic hurdler Stina Troest, were among the first batch of Danish track and field athletes being named to the Olympic roster on May 17, 2016, and were joined by three marathon runners (one man and two women) three days later.

Denmark has qualified a total of eight badminton players for the following events into the Olympic tournament based on the BWF World Rankings as of 5 May 2016: two entries in the men's singles, one in the women's singles, and a pair each in the men's, women's, and mixed doubles.

Danish canoeists have qualified one boat in each of the following events through the 2015 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.

Qualification Legend: FA = Qualify to final (medal); FB = Qualify to final B (non-medal)

Danish riders qualified for a maximum of three quota places in the men's Olympic road race by virtue of their top 15 final national ranking in the 2015 UCI Europe Tour. The road cycling team, led by two-time Olympian Jakob Fuglsang, was named to the Olympic roster on June 23, 2016.

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