Egas Moniz
| António Egas Moniz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz 29 November 1874 Avanca, Estarreja, Portugal |
| Died | 13 December 1955 (aged 81) Lisbon, Portugal |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Fields | Neurologist |
| Institutions | University of Coimbra (1902); University of Lisbon (1921–1944) |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Known for | Prefrontal leucotomy, cerebral angiography |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1949 |
| Spouse | Elvira (1884-1955) |
António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (29 November 1874 – 13 December 1955), known as Egas Moniz (Portuguese: [ˈɛɣɐʒ muˈniʃ]), was a Portuguese neurologist and the developer of cerebral angiography. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern psychosurgery, having developed the surgical procedure leucotomy—known better today as lobotomy—for which he became the first Portuguese national to receive a Nobel Prize in 1949 (shared with Walter Rudolf Hess).
He held academic positions, wrote many medical articles and also served in several legislative and diplomatic posts in the Portuguese government. In 1911 he became professor of neurology in Lisbon until his retirement in 1944.
Moniz was born in Avanca, Estarreja, Portugal, as António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz. He attended Escola do Padre José Ramos and Colégio de S. Fiel dos Jesuítas, studied medicine at the University of Coimbra, then trained in neurology in Bordeaux and Paris. In 1902, he became a professor in the Department of Neurology, but soon left that post on entering politics in 1903. He established the Partido Republicano Centrista and represented it in the Portuguese parliament from 1903 to 1917. Later he was Portugal's ambassador to Madrid (1917) and minister of foreign affairs (1918), in which function he attended the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Meanwhile, he continued to practice medicine and teach physiology and anatomy, and in 1911 he became a professor of neurology at the newly established University of Lisbon.
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