Empress Dowager Ci'an
| Empress Dowager Ci'an 慈安太后 |
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Empress Dowager Ci'an
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| Regent of the Qing dynasty | |||||
| Regency | 11 November 1861 – 8 April 1881 | ||||
| Co-regent | Empress Dowager Cixi | ||||
| Emperors |
Tongzhi Emperor (1861–1875) Guangxu Emperor (1875–1881) |
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| Predecessor |
Sushun, Zaiyuan, Duanhua and five others |
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| Successor |
Empress Dowager Cixi (as sole regent) |
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| Empress Dowager of the Qing dynasty | |||||
| Tenure | 22 August 1861 – 8 April 1881 | ||||
| Empress Consort of the Qing dynasty | |||||
| Tenure | 24 July 1852 – 22 August 1861 | ||||
| Born | 12 August 1837 | ||||
| Died | 8 April 1881 (aged 43) Forbidden City, Beijing, China |
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| Burial | Puxiangyu Dingdonling, Eastern Qing Tombs | ||||
| Spouse | Xianfeng Emperor | ||||
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| Father | Muyangga | ||||
| Mother | Lady Giyang | ||||
| Posthumous name | |
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| Empress Xiaozhen Ci'an Yuqing Hejing Chengjing Yitian Zuosheng Xian 孝貞慈安裕慶和敬誠靖儀天祚聖顯皇后 |
| Empress Dowager Ci'an | |||||||||
| Chinese | 慈安太后 | ||||||||
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| Empress Xiaozhenxian | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 孝貞顯皇后 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 孝贞显皇后 | ||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Cí'ān Tàihòu |
| Wade–Giles | Tzu-an Tai-hou |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xiàozhēnxiǎn Huánghòu |
Empress Xiaozhenxian (Manchu: Hiyoošungga jekdun iletu Hūwangheo; 20 August 1837 – 8 April 1881), better known as Empress Dowager Ci'an (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Jekdun Iletu Hūwanghu) and informally as the East Empress Dowager (东太后; 東太后; dōng tàihòu), was the Empress Consort of the Xianfeng Emperor of the Qing dynasty in China. She became Empress Dowager after 1861 and served as a regent for about 20 years for the Tongzhi Emperor and Guangxu Emperor alongside her co-regent, Empress Dowager Cixi.
Empress Xiaozhenxian was born in the Niohuru clan, one of the eight most prominent Manchu clans in the Qing dynasty. Her family was under the Bordered Yellow Banner. She was a descendant of Eidu (1562–1622), one of the top five generals who served under Nurhaci (the founder of the Qing dynasty), through Eidu's third son, Celge (車爾格; died 1647).
Lady Niohuru's great-grandfather, Fukejing'a (福克精阿), served as a management official in Xining and held the title of a baron. Her grandfather, Cebutan (策布坦; died 1794), served as a second-rank commander in Shanxi Province and also held the title of a baron. Her father, Muyangga (穆楊阿; died before 1852), served as an official in Guangxi Province and held the title of a third class cheng'en duke. Muyangga's primary consort was the granddaughter of Qingheng (慶恆; died 1779), a great-grandson of Nurhaci, but it was Lady Giyang (姜氏), a concubine of Muyangga, who was Lady Niohuru's birth mother. Her brother, Guangke (廣科; died 1880), served as a general in Hangzhou. Her aunt married Duanhua (Prince Zheng), a prominent noble and close adviser of the Xianfeng Emperor.
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