English Wars (Scandinavia)

English Wars

Battle of Copenhagen (1801) by Vilhelm Østergaard (1897)

Date	1801, 1807–1814
Location	Denmark-Norway, Sweden and northern Germany
Result	Anglo-Swedish victory, Treaty of Kiel Denmark joined the anti-Napoleonic alliance Frederick VI of Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden ending a more-than-400-year-old union between Denmark and Norway.
Territorial changes	Norway ceded to Sweden Heligoland ceded to United Kingdom Swedish Pomerania ceded to Denmark

Belligerents

Spain^[a]

Commanders and leaders

Spain was allied with France until the outbreak of the Peninsular War in 1808.
Sweden first entered the war in 1808 following a declaration of war from Denmark-Norway.
Gustav IV Adolf was deposed by a coup d'etat on 9 March 1809, and Charles XIII was appointed king.
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was originally in French service, but was in 1810 elected crown prince of Sweden. He therefore changed sides in the war after Sweden declared war on France in 1812.

Anglo-Swedish victory, Treaty of Kiel