Ethanol
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| Names | |||
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| Pronunciation | /ˈɛθənɒl/ | ||
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Systematic IUPAC name
ethanol
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| Other names
Absolute alcohol, alcohol, cologne spirit, drinking alcohol, ethylic alcohol, EtOH, ethyl alcohol, ethyl hydrate, ethyl hydroxide, ethylol, grain alcohol, hydroxyethane, methylcarbinol
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| Identifiers | |||
64-17-5 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image | ||
| 1718733 | |||
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:16236
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| ChEMBL |
ChEMBL545
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| ChemSpider |
682
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| DrugBank |
DB00898
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.526 | ||
| E number | E1510 (additional chemicals) | ||
| 787 | |||
| 2299 | |||
| PubChem | 702 | ||
| UNII |
3K9958V90M
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| Properties | |||
| C2H6O | |||
| Molar mass | 46.07 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
| Density | 0.7893 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −114.14 ± 0.03 °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F; 159.01 ± 0.03 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 78.24 ± 0.09 °C (172.83 ± 0.16 °F; 351.39 ± 0.09 K) | ||
| miscible | |||
| log P | −0.18 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 5.95 kPa (at 20 °C) | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO) | ||
| Basicity (pKb) | −1.9 | ||
| -33.60·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.3611 | ||
| Viscosity | 1.2 mPa·s (at 20 °C), 1.074 mPa·s (at 25 °C) | ||
| 1.69 D | |||
| Pharmacology | |||
| Drug class | Central nervous system depressant | ||
| D08AX08 (WHO) V03AB16 (WHO), V03AZ01 (WHO) | |||
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| Moderate | |||
| Moderate (10–15%) | |||
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Common: by mouth, topical Uncommon: suppository, inhalation, ocular, insufflation, injection |
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| Pharmacokinetics: | |||
| Variable | |||
| Liver: alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme | |||
| Acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, water | |||
| None, constant rate elimination | |||
| Urine, breath, perspiration, tears, milk, saliva, bile | |||
| Legal status |
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| Related compounds | |||
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Related compounds
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Ethane Methanol |
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| Supplementary data page | |||
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Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
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Thermodynamic
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Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
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| UV, IR, NMR, MS | |||
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is  ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Ethanol (EtOH), also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts. It is a neurotoxic,psychoactive drug, and one of the oldest recreational drugs. It can cause alcohol intoxication when consumed in sufficient quantity.
Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight chemical odor. It is used as an antiseptic, a solvent, a fuel, and due to its low freezing point, the active fluid in many alcohol thermometers. The molecule is a simple one, being an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group. Its structural formula, CH
3CH
2OH, is often abbreviated as C
2H
5OH, C
2H
6O or EtOH.
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