Eyeball planet

An eyeball planet is a hypothetical type of tidally locked planet, for which tidal locking induces spatial features (for example in the geography or composition of the planet) resembling an eyeball. It is mainly used for terrestrial planets where liquid may be present, in which tidal locking will induce a spatially dependent temperature gradient (the planet will be very hot on the side facing the star and very cold on the other side). This temperature gradient will therefore limit the places in which liquid may exist on the surface of the planet to ring or disk shaped areas.

It is further divided into "hot" and "cold" eyeball planets, depending on which side of the planet the liquid is present. A "hot" eyeball planet is usually closer to its host star, and the centre of the "eye", facing the star (day side), is made of rock while liquid is present on the opposite side (night side). A "cold" eyeball planet, usually farther from the star, will have liquid on the side facing the host star while the rest of its surface is made of ice and rocks.

Eyeball planets may be common and could possibly host life.

...
Wikipedia