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François Pierre Guillaume Guizot

François Guizot
Guizot, François - 2.jpg
François Guizot by Jehan Georges Vibert (19th century)
17th Prime Minister of France
In office
18 September 1847 – 24 February 1848
Monarch Louis Philippe I
Preceded by Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Succeeded by Jacques-Charles Dupont
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
29 October 1840 – 24 February 1848
Monarch Louis Philippe I
Prime Minister Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Preceded by Adolphe Thiers
Succeeded by Alphonse de Lamartine
Minister of Public Education
In office
6 September 1836 – 15 April 1837
Monarch Louis Philippe I
Prime Minister Louis-Mathieu Molé
Preceded by Joseph Pelet de la Lozère
Succeeded by Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy
In office
18 November 1834 – 22 February 1836
Monarch Louis Philippe I
Prime Minister Édouard Mortier
Victor de Broglie
Preceded by Jean-Baptiste Teste
Succeeded by Joseph Pelet de la Lozère
In office
11 October 1832 – 10 November 1834
Monarch Louis Philippe I
Prime Minister Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Preceded by Amédée Girod de l'Ain
Succeeded by Jean-Baptiste Teste
Minister of Interior
In office
1 August 1830 – 2 November 1830
Monarch Louis Philippe I
Prime Minister Jacques Laffitte
Preceded by Victor de Broglie
Succeeded by Camille de Montalivet
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
for Calvados
In office
23 June 1830 – 24 February 1848
Preceded by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Succeeded by Jean-Charles Besnard
Constituency Lisieux
Personal details
Born François Pierre Guillaume Guizot
(1787-10-04)4 October 1787
Nîmes, France
Died 12 September 1874(1874-09-12) (aged 86)
Saint-Ouen-le-Pin, France
Political party Doctrinaire
(1814–1830)
Party of Resistance
(1830–1848)
Party of Order
(1848–1852)
Alma mater University of Geneva
Profession Historian, teacher
Religion Calvinism

François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (French: [fʁɑ̃swa pjɛʁ ɡijom ɡizo]; 4 October 1787 – 12 September 1874) was a French historian, orator, and . Guizot was a dominant figure in French politics prior to the Revolution of 1848. A conservative liberal who opposed the attempt by King Charles X to usurp legislative power, he worked to sustain a constitutional monarchy following the July Revolution of 1830.

He then served the "citizen king" Louis Philippe, as Minister of Education, 1832–37, ambassador to London, Foreign Minister 1840–1847, and finally Prime Minister of France from 19 September 1847 to 23 February 1848. Guizot's influence was critical in expanding public education, which under his ministry saw the creation of primary schools in every French commune. But as a leader of the "Doctrinaires", committed to supporting the policies of Louis Phillipe and limitations on further expansion of the political franchise, he earned the hatred of more left-leaning liberals and republicans through his unswerving support for restricting suffrage to propertied men, advising those who wanted the vote to "enrich yourselves" (enrichissez-vous) through hard work and thrift.

As Prime Minister, it was Guizot's ban on the political meetings (called the Paris Banquets, which were held by moderate liberals who wanted a larger extension of the franchise) of an increasingly vigorous opposition in January 1848 that catalyzed the revolution that toppled Louis Philippe in February and saw the establishment of the French Second Republic.

Guizot was born at Nîmes to a bourgeois Protestant family. On 8 April 1794, when François Guizot was 6, his father was executed on the scaffold at Nîmes during the Reign of Terror. From then on, the boy's mother was completely responsible for his upbringing.


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