Hassan al-Banna
| Sheikh Hassan Ahmed Abdel Rahman Muhammed al-Banna حسن أحمد عبد الرحمن محمد البنا |
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October 14, 1906 Mahmoudiyah, Beheira, Egypt |
| Died | February 12, 1949 (aged 42) Cairo, Egypt |
| Religion | Islam |
| Jurisprudence | Shafi'i |
| Creed | Ash'ari |
| Political Party | Muslim Brotherhood |
| Alma mater | Dar al-Ulum |
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| Founder and 1st General Guide of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood | |
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In office 1928–1949 |
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| Preceded by | (Position established) |
| Succeeded by | Hassan al-Hudaybi & Said Ramadan |
Sheikh Hassan Ahmed Abdel Rahman Muhammed al-Banna (Arabic: حسن أحمد عبد الرحمن محمد البنا; 14 October 1906 – 12 February 1949), known as Hassan al-Banna, was an Egyptian schoolteacher and imam, best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood, one of the largest and most influential 20th-century Islamic revivalist organizations. His son-in-law Said Ramadan emerged as a major leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s. He has inspired individual Muslims to wage freelance jihad warfare, in wake of the abolition of the caliphate, even if he was himself neither a ruler nor a scholar.
Hassan al-Banna was born on 14 October 1906 in Mahmudiyya, a rural Nile Delta town located northwest of Cairo in Beheira Governorate.
His father, Sheikh Ahmad Abd al-Rahman al-Banna al-Sa'ati, was a Hanbali imam,muezzin, and mosque teacher, and an important spiritual influence during al-Banna's early life. Sheikh Ahmad was also known for his work as a Hanbali scholar, particularly his classifications of the traditions of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal al-Shaybani. These classifications became known as musnad al-fath al-rabbani. Through this work, Sheikh Ahmad forged connections with Islamic scholars that proved useful when his son moved to Cairo in 1932.
In addition to his early exposure to Hanbali Puritanism, Hassan al-Banna was inspired by Rashid Rida's magazine, Al-Manar. He was also heavily influenced by Sufism as a youth in Mahmudiyya. He attended weekly Hadra and was a member of the al-Hassafiyya Sufi order.
Although al-Banna was only thirteen years old during the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, it was the event that first exposed him to Egyptian nationalist politics. In his personal accounts, al-Banna connected himself with the widespread activism of the time. In spite of his young age, al-Banna participated in demonstrations in Damanhur, self-published political pamphlets, and founded youth reform societies.
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