Hepatoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma in an individual who was hepatitis C positive. Autopsy specimen.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Oncology
ICD-10	C22.0
ICD-9-CM	155
ICD-O	M8170/3
MedlinePlus	000280
eMedicine	med/787
MeSH	D006528
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also called malignant hepatoma, is the most common type of liver cancer.

Most cases of HCC are as a result of either a viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C), metabolic toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin, conditions like hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency or NASH.

Treatment options for HCC and prognosis are dependent on many factors but especially on tumor size, staging, and extent of liver injury. Tumor grade is also important; high-grade tumors will have a poor prognosis, while low-grade tumors may go unnoticed for many years, as is the case in many other organs.

HCC is relatively uncommon in the United States and many other developed countries. It occurs most commonly in countries where hepatitis B infections are common.

Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma occur in people who already have symptoms of chronic liver disease and present either with worsening of symptoms or during surveillance that is used to screen patients who are at risk the most. In other cases, HCC may directly present with yellow skin, bloating from fluid in the abdomen, easy bruising from blood clotting abnormalities, loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, abdominal pain especially in the right upper quadrant, nausea, vomiting, or feeling tired.

The main risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma are;

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