Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952

Other short titles	McCarran–Walter Act
Long title	An Act to revise the laws relating to immigration, naturalization, and nationality; and for other purposes.
Enacted by	the 82nd United States Congress
Effective	June 27, 1952
Citations
Public law	82-414
Statutes at Large	66 Stat. 163
Codification
Titles amended	8 U.S.C.: Aliens and Nationality
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 5678 by Francis E. Walter (D-PA), Pat McCarran (D-NV) on October 9, 1951 Passed the House on April 25, 1952 (passed) Passed the Senate on May 22, 1952 (passed) Reported by the joint conference committee on May 23, 1952; agreed to by the House on June 10, 1952 (adopted) and by the Senate on June 11, 1952 (adopted) Vetoed by President Harry S. Truman on June 25, 1952 Overridden by the House on June 26, 1952 (278–113) Overridden by the Senate and became law on June 27, 1952 (57–26)

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (Pub.L. 82–414, 66 Stat. 163, enacted June 27, 1952), also known as the McCarran–Walter Act, restricted immigration into the U.S. and is codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (8 U.S.C. ch. 12). The Act governs primarily immigration to and citizenship in the United States. It has been in effect since June 27, 1952. Before this Act, a variety of statutes governed immigration law but were not organized within one body of text.

H.R. 5678 was named after its sponsors, Senator Pat McCarran (D-Nevada), and Congressman Francis Walter (D-Pennsylvania).

President Harry Truman, a Democrat, vetoed the Act because he regarded the bill as "un-American" and discriminatory. His veto message said:

Today, we are "protecting" ourselves as we were in 1924, against being flooded by immigrants from Eastern Europe. This is fantastic. ... We do not need to be protected against immigrants from these countries–on the contrary we want to stretch out a helping hand, to save those who have managed to flee into Western Europe, to succor those who are brave enough to escape from barbarism, to welcome and restore them against the day when their countries will, as we hope, be free again....These are only a few examples of the absurdity, the cruelty of carrying over into this year of 1952 the isolationist limitations of our 1924 law.

In no other realm of our national life are we so hampered and stultified by the dead hand of the past, as we are in this field of immigration.

Truman's veto was overridden by a vote of 278 to 113 in the House and 57 to 26 in the Senate.

Speaking in the Senate on March 2, 1953, McCarran said:

I believe that this nation is the last hope of Western civilization and if this oasis of the world shall be overrun, perverted, contaminated or destroyed, then the last flickering light of humanity will be extinguished. I take no issue with those who would praise the contributions which have been made to our society by people of many races, of varied creeds and colors. ... However, we have in the United States today hard-core, indigestible blocs which have not become integrated into the American way of life, but which, on the contrary are its deadly enemies. Today, as never before, untold millions are storming our gates for admission and those gates are cracking under the strain. The solution of the problems of Europe and Asia will not come through a transplanting of those problems en masse to the United States. ... I do not intend to become prophetic, but if the enemies of this legislation succeed in riddling it to pieces, or in amending it beyond recognition, they will have contributed more to promote this nation's downfall than any other group since we achieved our independence as a nation.

...
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