Indian general election, 1999

Indian General Election, 1999

1998 ←

5 September,
11 September,
18 September,
25 September
and 3 October 1999

→ 2004

All 545 seats in the Lok Sabha 273 seats were needed for a majority

	First party	Second party	Third party

Leader	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	Sonia Gandhi	Harkishan Singh Surjeet
Party	BJP	INC	CPI(M)
Alliance	NDA	INC+
Leader since	16 May 1996	19 March 1998	1992
Leader's seat	Lucknow	Amethi	None
Seats won	270	156	33
Seat change	16	9	1
Popular vote	135,103,344	103,120,330	19,695,767
Percentage	37.06%	28.30%	5.40%
Swing	0.15%	2.48%	0.24%

Atal Bihari Vajpayee's NDA Coalition, in coalition with Telugu Desam, secured a large majority in the Lok Sabha. Results of the National and Regional parties.

Prime Minister before election

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
NDA

Subsequent Prime Minister

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
NDA

**Summary of the September–October 1999 Lok Sabha Election**
Parties and Alliances		Votes	%	Change	Seats	Change
	National Democratic Alliance (NDA)	135,103,344	37.06	-0.15	270	+16
	• Bharatiya Janata Party	86,562,209	23.75	–1.84	182	—
	• Janata Dal (United)	11,282,084	3.10	*	21	*
	• Shiv Sena	5,672,412	1.56	-0.21	15	+9
	• Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	6,298,832	1.73	+0.29	12	+6
	• Biju Janata Dal	4,378,536	1.20	+0.20	10	+1
	• Nationalist Trinamool Congress	9,363,785	2.57	+0.15	8	+1
	• Pattali Makkal Katchi	2,377,741	0.65	+0.23	5	—
	• Indian National Lok Dal	2,002,700	0.55	*	5	*
	• Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	1,620,527	0.44	—	4	+1
	• Jammu and Kashmir National Conference	454,481	0.12	-0.09	4	+1
	• Shiromani Akali Dal	2,502,949	0.69	-0.12	2	-6
	• Rashtriya Lok Dal	1,364,030	0.37	*	2	*
	• Lok Shakti	40,997	0.01	-0.68	0	-3
	• Asom Gana Parishad	1,182,061	0.32	-0.03	0	—
	Other BJP Affiliated Parties
	• Telugu Desam Party	13,297,370	3.65	+0.88	29	+12
	Indian National Congress	103,120,330	28.30	+2.48	114	−27
	Other INC Affiliated Parties	18,753,722	5.15	+4.83	21	+18
	• All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	7,046,953	1.93	+0.10	10	-8
	• Rashtriya Janata Dal	10,150,492	2.79	+0.01	7	-7
	• United Democratic Front	—	—	—	—	—
	0• Kerala Congress	365,313	0.10	+0.01	1	+1
	0• Kerala Congress (Mani)	357,402	0.10	—	1	—
	0• Muslim League Kerala State Committee	833,562	0.23	+0.01	2	—
	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	19,695,767	5.40	+0.24	33	+1
	Samajwadi Party (Socialist Party)	13,717,021	3.76	−1.17	26	+6
	Bahujan Samaj Party (Majority Society Party)	15,175,845	4.16	−0.51	14	+9
	Other Seated Parties	24,826,373	6.79	*	30	*
	• Nationalist Congress Party	8,260,311	2.27	*	8	*
	• Communist Party of India	5,395,119	1.48	-0.27	4	-5
	• Revolutionary Socialist Party	1,500,817	0.41	-0.14	3	-2
	• All India Forward Bloc	1,288,060	0.35	+0.02	2	—
	• Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Congress	818,713	0.22	*	2	*
	• Janata Dal (Secular)	3,332,702	0.91	*	1	*
	• Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation	1,220,698	0.33	+0.08	1	+1
	• Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha	692,559	0.19	*	1	*
	• All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimen	448,165	0.12	-0.01	1	—
	• MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	396,216	0.11	+0.03	1	+1
	• Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)	298,846	0.08	>+0.01	1	+1
	• Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)	297,337	0.08	-0.24	1	—
	• Peasants and Workers Party of India	282,583	0.08	+0.01	1	—
	• Himachal Vikas Congress	264,002	0.07	+0.05	1	+1
	• Manipur State Congress Party	222,417	0.06	+0.01	1	—
	• Sikkim Democratic Front	107,828	0.03	—	1	—
	Unseated Parties	10,751,176	2.99	—	0	—
	Independents	9,996,386	2.74	+0.37	6	—
	Nominated Anglo-Indians	—	—	—	2	—
Total		364,437,294	100%		545

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
NDA

General Elections were held in India from 5 September to 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. The 13th Lok Sabha election is of historical importance as it was the first time a united front of parties managed to attain a majority and form a government that lasted a full term of five years, thus ending a period of political instability at the national level that had been characterised by three general elections held in as many years.

On 17 April 1999, the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) coalition government led by prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee failed a to win a confidence vote in the Lok Sabha (India's lower house), falling short a single vote due to the withdrawal of one of the government's coalition partners – the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). The leader of the AIADMK, J. Jayalalitha, had consistently threatened to withdraw support from the ruling coalition if certain demands were not met, in particular the sacking of the Tamil Nadu government, control of which she had lost three years prior. The BJP accused Jayalalitha of making the demands in order to avoid standing trial for a series of corruption charges, and no agreement between the parties could be reached leading to the government's defeat.

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