Italian general election, 1913

← 1909

26 October–2 November 1913

1919 →

All 508 seats to the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy

	Majority party	Minority party	Third party

Leader	Giovanni Giolitti	Costantino Lazzari	Ettore Sacchi
Party	Liberal Union	Socialist Party	Radical Party
Seats won	270	52	62
Seat change	59	11	14
Popular vote	2,387,947	883,409	522,522
Percentage	47.6%	17.6%	10.4%
Swing	6.8%	1.4%	0.5%

Prime Minister before election

Giovanni Giolitti
Liberal Union

Elected Prime Minister

Giovanni Giolitti
Liberal Union

General elections were held in Italy on 26 October 1913, with a second round of voting on 2 November. The Liberals (the former Ministeriali) narrowly retained an absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, while the Radical Party emerged as the largest opposition bloc. Both groupings did particularly well in Southern Italy, while the Italian Socialist Party gained eight seats and was the largest party in Emilia-Romagna. However, the election marked the beginning of the decline of Liberal establishment.

Changes made in 1912 widened the voting franchise to include all literate men aged 21 or over who had served in the armed forces. For those over 30 the literacy requirement was abolished. This raised the number of eligible voters from 2,930,473 in 1909 to 8,443,205. The electoral system remained single-member constituencies with two-round majority voting.

The two historical parliamentary factions, the liberal and progressive Left and the conservative and monarchist Right, formed a single liberal and centrist group, known as Liberal Union, under the leadership of Giovanni Giolitti. This phenomenon, known in Italian as Trasformismo (roughly translatable in English as "transformism"—in a satirical newspaper, the PM was depicted as a chameleon), effectively removed political differences in Parliament, which was dominated by an undistinguished liberal bloc with a landslide majority until after World War I. Two parliamentary factions alternated in government, one led by Sidney Sonnino and the other, by far the largest of the two, by Giolitti. At that time the Liberals governed in alliance with the Radicals, the Democrats and, eventually, the Reform Socialists. This alliance governed against two smaller opposition: The Clericals, composed by some Vatican-oriented politicians, The Extreme, formed by the socialist faction which represented a real left in a present-day concept.

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