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Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910

Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty
Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910
General power of attorney to Lee Wan-Yong signed and sealed by Sunjong.jpg
General power of attorney to Lee Wan-yong signed and sealed by the last emperor, Sunjong of the Korean Empire (Lee Cheok, 이척 李坧). The last emperor's first name '坧' used as signature.
Type Annexation treaty
Context Annexation of the Korean Empire by the Empire of Japan
Sealed August 22, 1910
Effective August 29, 1910
Expiration August 15, 1945 (1945-08-15), de facto September 2, 1945 (1945-09-02)
Expiry June 22, 1965 (1965-06-22)
Signatories
Parties
Ratifiers
Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty
Japanese name
Kanji 日韓併合条約
Hiragana にっかんへいごうじょうやく
Korean name
Hangul 한일병합조약
(한일합방조약, 한일합방늑약)
Hanja 韓日倂合條約
(韓日合邦條約, 韓日合邦勒約)

The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, also known as the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, was made by representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire on August 22, 1910. In this treaty, Japan formally annexed Korea following the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 by which Korea became the protectorate of Japan and Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907 by which Korea was deprived of the administration of internal affairs.

Japanese commentators predicted that Koreans would easily assimilate into the Japanese Empire.

In 1965 the Treaty of Basic Relations between South Korea and Japan confirmed this treaty is "already null and void".

The treaty was proclaimed to the public (and became effective) on August 29, 1910, officially starting the period of Japanese rule in Korea. The treaty had eight articles, the first being: "His Majesty the Emperor of Korea makes the complete and permanent cession to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan of all rights of sovereignty over the whole of Korea".

Gojong of the Korean Empire later called the treaty a "neugyak (늑약 勒約)." The alternative term used in lieu of "joyak (조약 條約)" implies the treaty was coerced to Koreans by Japanese. "Gyeongsul Gukchi (경술국치 庚戌國恥, lit. National humiliation of the year of Gyeongsul)" and "Gukchi-il (국치일 國恥日, lit. National humiliation day)" are alternative terms for the year and date the treaty was signed, respectively.

The United Kingdom had already acquiesced to the annexation of Korea by Japan, via the British connection to Imperial Japan via the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902.

The legality of the Treaty would later be disputed by the exiled Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea as well as the South Korean government. While the treaty was affixed with the national seal of the Korean Empire, Emperor Sunjong of Korea refused to sign the treaty as required under Korean law. The treaty was instead signed by Prime Minister Lee Wan-yong of the Korean Empire, and Resident General Count Terauchi Masatake of the Empire of Japan.


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