John Henry Poynting
| John Poynting | |
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John Henry Poynting (1852-1914)
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| Born |
9 September 1852 Monton, Lancashire, England |
| Died | 30 March 1914 (aged 61) Birmingham, England |
| Residence | England |
| Nationality | English |
| Fields | Physicist |
| Institutions | Mason Science College, University of Birmingham |
| Alma mater |
University of Cambridge Owens College (now University of Manchester) |
| Academic advisors | James Clerk Maxwell |
| Notable students | Francis William Aston |
| Known for |
Poynting vector Poynting effect Poynting's theorem Poynting–Robertson effect |
| Influences | Edward Routh |
| Notable awards |
Adams Prize (1893) Hopkins Prize (1893) Royal Medal (1905) |
Signature
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John Henry Poynting (9 September 1852 – 30 March 1914) was an English physicist. He was a professor of physics at Mason Science College, from 1880 to 1900, and then the successor institution, the University of Birmingham until his death.
Poynting was the youngest son of Thomas Elford Poynting, a Unitarian minister. He was born at the parsonage of the Monton Unitarian Chapel in Eccles, Lancashire (his father serving as minister there from 1846 to 1878.) In his boyhood he was educated at the nearby school operated by his father. From 1867 to 1872 he attended Owens College, now the University of Manchester, where his physics teachers included Osborne Reynolds and Balfour Stewart. From 1872 to 1876 he was a student at Cambridge University, where he attained high honours in mathematics after taking grinds with Edward Routh. In the late 1870s he worked in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge under James Clerk Maxwell.
He was the developer and eponym of the Poynting vector, which describes the direction and magnitude of electromagnetic energy flow and is used in the Poynting theorem, a statement about energy conservation for electric and magnetic fields. This work was first published in 1884. He performed a measurement of Newton's gravitational constant by innovative means during 1893. In 1903 he was the first to realise that the Sun's radiation can draw in small particles towards it: this was later named the Poynting–Robertson effect.
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