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King Gongmin

Gongmin of Goryeo
고려 공민왕
화장사 봉안 공민왕 어진 유리건판 촬영.jpg
King of Goryeo
Reign 1351 - 1374
Predecessor Chungjeong of Goryeo
Successor U of Goryeo
Born 23 May 1330
Died 27 October 1374 (1374-10-28) (aged 44)
Burial Hyeonjeongreung Royal Tomb
Consort Queen Indeok
Queen Sunjeong
Issue U of Goryeo
Posthumous name
인문의무용지명열경효대왕
仁文義武勇智明烈敬孝大王
House House of Wang
Father Chungsuk of Goryeo
Mother Queen Gongwon
Religion Buddhism
Posthumous name
인문의무용지명열경효대왕
仁文義武勇智明烈敬孝大王
Gongmin of Goryeo
King Kongmin of Koryo.jpg
Hangul
Hanja
Revised Romanization Gongmin wang
McCune–Reischauer Kongmin wang
Pen name
Hangul also
Hanja also
Revised Romanization Ijae also Ikdang
McCune–Reischauer Ijae also Iktang
Birth name
Hangul earlier
Hanja earlier
Revised Romanization Wang Jeon earlier Wang Gi
McCune–Reischauer Wang Chŏn earlier Wang Ki
Sino-Korean Mongolian name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised Romanization Baegancheopmoga
McCune–Reischauer Paegan Ch'ŏpmoga
Monarchs of Korea
Goryeo
  1. Taejo 918–943
  2. Hyejong 943–945
  3. Jeongjong 945–949
  4. Gwangjong 949–975
  5. Gyeongjong 975–981
  6. Seongjong 981–997
  7. Mokjong 997–1009
  8. Hyeonjong 1009–1031
  9. Deokjong 1031–1034
  10. Jeongjong II 1034–1046
  11. Munjong 1046–1083
  12. Sunjong 1083
  13. Seonjong 1083–1094
  14. Heonjong 1094–1095
  15. Sukjong 1095–1105
  16. Yejong 1105–1122
  17. Injong 1122–1146
  18. Uijong 1146–1170
  19. Myeongjong 1170–1197
  20. Sinjong 1197–1204
  21. Huijong 1204–1211
  22. Gangjong 1211–1213
  23. Gojong 1213–1259
  24. Wonjong 1259–1269
  25. Yeongjong1269
  26. Wonjong 1269–1274
  27. Chungnyeol 1274–1308
  28. Chungseon 1308–1313
  29. Chungsuk 1313–1330
    1332–1339
  30. Chunghye 1330–1332
    1339–1344
  31. Chungmok 1344–1348
  32. Chungjeong 1348–1351
  33. Gongmin 1351–1374
  34. U 1374–1388
  35. Chang 1388–1389
  36. Gongyang 1389–1392

King Gongmin (23 May 1330 – 27 October 1374) ruled Goryeo Dynasty Korea from 1351 - 1374. He was the second son of King Chungsuk. In addition to his various Korean names, he bore the Mongolian name Bayan Temür (伯顔帖木兒).

Goryeo had been a semi-autonomous vassal state under the overlordship of the Mongol Yuan dynasty since the Mongol invasions of Korea in the 13th century. Starting with King Chungnyeol, prospective rulers of Korea married Mongolian princesses and were customarily sent to the Yuan Court, in effect, as hostages. As per this custom, King Gongmin spent many years in the Yuan court, being sent there in 1341, before ascending the Korean throne. He married a Mongolian princess who became Queen Noguk. The Yuan dynasty began to crumble during the mid-14th century, and was eventually conquered and replaced by the Ming dynasty in 1368.

With the disintegration of Yuan, which had influenced the Korean peninsula since the Mongol invasion of Korea of 1238, Gongmin began efforts to reform Goryeo government. His first act was to remove all pro-Mongol aristocrats and military officers from their positions. These deposed people formed a dissident faction which plotted an unsuccessful coup against the king. High official Jo Il-shin even tried to take over the government, but this rebellion was put down by general Choi Young.

During the Mongol invasions of Korea, between the 1250s and the 1270s, the Mongols had annexed the northern provinces of Korea and incorporated them into their empire as Ssangseong (쌍성총관부, 雙城總管府) and Dongnyeong Prefectures (동녕부, 東寧府). In 1356, the Goryeo army retook these provinces partly thanks to the defection of Yi Ja-chun, a minor Korean official in the service of the Mongols in Ssangseong, and his son, Yi Seong-gye. In addition, Generals Yi Seong-gye and Ji Yongsu led a campaign into Liaoyang.


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Wikipedia

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