Kingdom of England

Kingdom of England
10th century–1707 1649–60: Commonwealth
Flag Royal Arms (1399–1603)
Location of the Kingdom of England in 1700
Capital		Winchester (until 12th century) London (12th century–1707) ∟ Westminster      (administrative) ∟ City of London      (commercial)
Languages		English Old Norse (until 11th century) Welsh Cornish Cumbric (until 11th century) Anglo-Norman (11th–15th century) Medieval Latin (until 15th century)
Religion		Christianity
Demonym		English
Government		Absolute monarchy (10th century-1215) Unitary parliamentary monarchy (1215-1707)
Monarch
•	Until 939	Æthelstan (first)
•	1702–1707	Anne (last)
Legislature		Parliament
•	Upper house	House of Lords
•	Lower house	House of Commons
History
•	Unification	10th century
•	Battle of Hastings	14 October 1066
•	Conquered Wales	1277–1283
•	Incorporated Wales	1535–1542
•	Union of the Crowns	24 March 1603
•	Glorious Revolution	11 December 1688
•	Union with Scotland	1 May 1707
Area
•	1283–1542 est.	145,000 km² (55,985 sq mi)
•	1542–1707 est.	151,000 km² (58,301 sq mi)
Population
•	1283 est.	500,000
Density		3.4 /km²  (8.9 /sq mi)
•	1542 est.	3,000,000
Density		20.7 /km²  (53.6 /sq mi)
•	1707 est.	5,750,000
Density		38.1 /km²  (98.6 /sq mi)
Currency		Pound sterling
Preceded by Succeeded by Wessex Sussex Essex Kent Dumnonia Mercia East Anglia Northumbria Welsh Marches Principality of Wales Great Britain
Today part of		United Kingdom  ∟  England  ∟  Wales
a.	^ Monarch of Wessex from 925.
b.	^ Continued as monarch of Great Britain until her death in 1714.

Unitary parliamentary monarchy (1215-1707)

The Kingdom of England ⁱ/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

In the early 11th century the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, united by Æthelstan (r. 927–939), became part of the North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway. The Norman conquest of England in 1066 led to the transfer of the English capital city and chief royal residence from the Anglo-Saxon one at Winchester to Westminster, and the City of London quickly established itself as England's largest and principal commercial centre.