Legio X Gemina

Legio X Gemina
Map of the Roman empire in AD 125, under emperor Hadrian, showing the LEGIO X GEMINA, stationed on the river Danube at Vindobona (Vienna, Austria), in Pannonia Superior province, from AD 103 until the 5th century
Active	Before 58 BC to sometime in the 5th century
Country	Roman Republic and Roman Empire
Type	Roman legion (Marian)
Role	Infantry assault (some cavalry support)
Size	Varied over unit lifetime. Approx. 3,500 fighting men + support at the time of creation. Expanded and given the cognomen Gemina in 31 BC.
Garrison/HQ	Hispania Tarraconensis (31 BC - c. 71) Nijmegen (71 - 103) Vienna (103-5th century)
Nickname(s)	Equestris, "Of the knights" under Caesar Gemina, "The twin" (since 31 BC) Pia Fidelis, "faithful and loyal" (since 89) Domitiana, Antoniniana, Gordiana, Deciana, Floriana, Cariniana (short-lived) Pia VI Fidelis VI (after 260)
Mascot(s)	Bull
Engagements	Gallic Wars (58-51 BC) Battle against the Nervians (57 BC) Battle of Gergovia (52 BC) Battle of Ilerda (49 BC) Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC) Battle of Munda (45 BC) Battle of Philippi (42 BC) Battle of Actium (31 BC) Batavian rebellion (70) Bar Kokhba's revolt (132-135) Marcomannic Wars in Moravia(168-180) Naissus (268) Vexillationes of the 10th participated in many other campaigns.
Commanders
Notable commanders	Julius Caesar, Mark Antony

Legio decima Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the legion was called X Equestris (mounted), because Caesar once used the legionaries as cavalry.

In the Gallic Wars, X Equestris played an important role on Caesar's military success and for this reason is sometimes said to be his favorite. In Caesar's campaigns they were present in the battle of the Sabis, the invasions of Britain, and the battle of Gergovia. They remained faithful to Caesar in the civil war against Pompey, being present in the battles of Pharsalus (49 BC) and Munda (45 BC). In 45 BC Caesar disbanded the legion, giving the veterans farmlands near Narbonne in Gaul and in Hispania.

The legion was reconstituted in 42 BC and fought for Augustus (then Octavian), Lepidus and Mark Antony in the Battle of Philippi against the murderers of Caesar. After this, they followed Mark Antony in his campaign against Parthia and were defeated with him at Actium. Augustus then took control of the legion and settled the veterans in Patras. The legion rebelled and lost its cognomen Equestris as punishment. Replacements were added from other legions, and the Tenth was rebaptized Gemina.