Lopinavir

Lopinavir

Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
MedlinePlus	a602015
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	J05AR10 (WHO) (with ritonavir)
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Unknown
Protein binding	98-99%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Biological half-life	5 to 6 hours
Excretion	Mostly fecal
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2S)-N-[(2S,4S,5S)-5-[2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetamido]-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-1,3-diazinan-1-yl)butanamide
CAS Number	192725-17-0 Y
PubChem CID	92727
DrugBank	DB01601 Y
ChemSpider	83706 Y
UNII	2494G1JF75
KEGG	D01425 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL729 Y
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C37H48N4O5
Molar mass	628.810 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N2C(=O)NCCC2)C(C)C)Cc3ccccc3)COc4c(cccc4C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C37H48N4O5/c1-25(2)34(41-20-12-19-38-37(41)45)36(44)39-30(21-28-15-7-5-8-16-28)23-32(42)31(22-29-17-9-6-10-18-29)40-33(43)24-46-35-26(3)13-11-14-27(35)4/h5-11,13-18,25,30-32,34,42H,12,19-24H2,1-4H3,(H,38,45)(H,39,44)(H,40,43)/t30-,31-,32-,34-/m0/s1 Y Key:KJHKTHWMRKYKJE-SUGCFTRWSA-N Y

Lopinavir (ABT-378) is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is used against HIV infections as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir, under the trade names Kaletra (high-income countries) and Aluvia (low-income countries). It was first approved by the FDA on 15 September 2000.

Lopinavir is highly bound to plasma proteins (98–99%).

Reports are contradictory regarding lopinavir penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Anecdotal reports state that lopinavir cannot be detected in the CSF; however, a study of paired CSF-plasma samples from 26 patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir found lopinavir CSF levels above the IC₅₀ in 77% of samples.

Side effects, interactions, and contraindications have only been evaluated in the drug combination lopinavir/ritonavir.

A 2014 study indicates that lopinavir is effective against the human papilloma virus (HPV). The study used the equivalent of one tablet twice a day applied topically to the cervices of women with high-grade and low-grade precancerous conditions. After three months of treatment, 82.6% of the women who had high-grade disease had normal cervical conditions, confirmed by smears and biopsies.