Machado de Assis | |
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Machado de Assis around age 56, c. 1896
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1st Academic of the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters | |
In office 28 January 1897 – 29 September 1908 |
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Preceded by | Position created José de Alencar (patron) |
Succeeded by | Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira |
President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters | |
In office 28 January 1897 – 29 September 1908 |
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Preceded by | Position created |
Succeeded by | Rui Barbosa |
Personal details | |
Born |
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis 21 June 1839 Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil |
Died | 29 September 1908 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
(aged 69)
Nationality | Brazilian |
Spouse(s) | Carolina de Novais (1869–1904; her death) |
Occupation | Novelist, short story writer, poet, literary critic |
Period | 1864–1908 |
Movement | Romanticism, Realism |
Influences |
See list
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Influenced |
See list
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Other names | Machado, "The Warlock from Cosme Velho" |
Signature |
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (Portuguese: [ʒwɐˈkĩ mɐˈɾi.ɐ mɐˈʃadu dʒi ɐˈsis]), often known by his surnames as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho (21 June 1839 – 29 September 1908), was a Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright and short story writer. Widely regarded as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature, nevertheless he did not gain widespread popularity outside Brazil in his own lifetime. He was multilingual, having taught himself French, English, German and Greek in later life.
Machado's works had a great influence on Brazilian literary schools of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1941, the Brazilian Academy of Letters founded in his honor the Prêmio Machado de Assis (Machado de Assis Prize), the most prestigious literary award in Brazil. José Saramago, Carlos Fuentes, Thomas McGuane and Susan Sontag are among his admirers, and Woody Allen has expressed enthusiasm for one of Machado's novels.
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco José de Assis, a mulatto wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da Câmara Machado, an Azorean Portuguese washerwoman. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by Dona Maria José de Mendonça Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her.Dona Maria José became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim Alberto de Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. Machado had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend.