Mustafa Çelebi

Mustafa Çelebi (b. 1380 – d. May 1422), also called Düzmece Mustafa (English: Impostor Mustafa), was an Ottoman prince (Turkish: şehzade) who struggled to gain the throne of the Ottoman Empire in the early 15th century. The name Çelebi is an honorific title meaning gentleman; see pre-1934 Turkish naming conventions. He was the Sultan of Rumelia twice during January 1419 – 1420 and January 1421-May 1422. He died at Venice, May 1422, having had issue and a son.

Mustafa was one of the sons of Bayezid I, the Ottoman sultan. His mother was Devletşah Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Şah of Germiyanids and Mutahhara Abide Hatun bint-i Sultan Veled bin Mawlānā Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi. After the Battle of Ankara in which his father Bayezid was defeated by Timurlane, Mustafa as well as Bayezid himself was taken as a prisoner of war. While his four brothers were fighting each other during the Ottoman Interregnum, he was held captive in Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan). After the death of Timurlane, he returned to Anatolia in 1405 and hid himself in the territories of the Turkish beyliks.

After the interregnum, from which his brother sultan Mehmet I had emerged victorious, Mustafa appeared in Rumeli (the European portion of the Ottoman Empire) with the help of Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos. He also had the support of Mircea I of Wallachia and Cüneyt Bey, the ruler of the Turkish Aydinid beylik. Mustafa asked Mehmet I, who had recently defeated his other claimant brothers, to partition the empire with him. Mehmet refused this request and easily defeated Mustafa's forces in battle. Mustafa took refuge in the Byzantine city of Thessaloniki in 1416. After reaching an agreement with Mehmet, the Byzantine emperor Manuel exiled him to the island of Lemnos.

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