Orchis
| Orchis | |
|---|---|
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| Orchis italica | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Orchideae |
| Subtribe: | Orchidinae |
| Alliance: | Orchis |
| Genus: |
Orchis Tourn. ex L. 1753 |
| Type species | |
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Orchis militaris L. Sp. Pl.: 943, 1753 |
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| Species | |
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See text |
|
| Synonyms | |
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See text
Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang. The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids.
These terrestrial orchids have root tubers instead of pseudobulbs. They are extremely diverse in appearance. They produce an erect stem. The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike, 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long, with yellow, red to purple flowers. They start flowering at the base, slowly progressing upwards, except for the Monkey orchid (Orchis simia), which flowers in reverse order.
The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1,300 names. Since it was polyphyletic, it has been divided by Pridgeon et al., into several new genera (see Reference): Ponerorchis, Schizodium, Steveniella.
As of June 2014[update], the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 21 species, along with a number of subspecies:
As of June 2014[update], the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts 37 hybrid species, along with a number of hybrid subspecies:
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