Plumbane
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IUPAC name
Plumbane
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| Other names
Plumbane, lead tetrahydride, tetrahydridolead, lead(IV) hydride
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3D model (Jmol)
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| Properties | |
| PbH4 | |
| Molar mass | 211.23 g/mol |
| Boiling point | −13 °C (9 °F; 260 K) |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Plumbane, PbH4, is a metal hydride and group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well-characterized or well-known, and it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of a hydrogen atom. Derivatives of plumbane include lead tetrafluoride, (PbF4), and tetraethyllead, ((CH3CH2)4Pb).
Until recently, it was uncertain whether plumbane had ever actually been synthesized; although, the first reports date back to the 1920s and in 1963, Saalfeld and Svec reported the observation of PbH+
4 by mass spectrometry. Plumbane has repeatedly been the subject of Dirac–Hartree–Fock relativistic calculation studies, which investigate the stabilities, geometries, and relative energies of hydrides of the formula MH4 or MH2.
Plumbane is an unstable colorless gas and is the heaviest group IV hydride. Furthermore, plumbane has a tetrahedral (Td) structure with an equilibrium distance between lead and hydrogen of 1.73 Å. By weight percent, the composition of plumbane is 1.91% hydrogen and 98.09% lead. In plumbane, the formal oxidation states of hydrogen and lead are -1 and +4, respectively, because the electronegativity of hydrogen is higher than that of lead. The stability of metal hydrides with the formula MH4 (M = C–Pb) decreases as the atomic number of M increases.
Early studies of PbH4 revealed that the molecule is unstable as compared to its lighter congeners (silane, germane, and stannane). It cannot be made by methods used to synthesize GeH4 or SnH4.
In 1999, plumbane was synthesized from lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, and sodium borohydride, NaBH4. A non-nascent mechanism for plumbane synthesis was reported in 2005.
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