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Puyi

Xuantong Emperor
宣统帝
Emperor of China
Xuantong Emperor of the Great Qing
Chief Executive of Manchukuo
Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo
Aisin-Gioro Puyi 01.jpg
Puyi in 1934
12th Qing Emperor of China
1st reign 2 December 1908 – 12 February 1912
2nd reign 1 July 1917 – 12 July 1917
Predecessor Guangxu Emperor
Successor Empire abolished
Sun Yat-sen (as President of the Republic of China, 1912)
Regents Zaifeng, Prince Chun & Empress Dowager Longyu
Prime Ministers
Emperor of Manchukuo
Reign 1 March 1934 – 15 August 1945
Predecessor Empire established
Successor Empire abolished
Prime Ministers
Born (1906-02-07)7 February 1906
Beijing, Qing Empire
Died 17 October 1967(1967-10-17) (aged 61)
Beijing, People's Republic of China
Burial Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery
(Later moved to Tomb of Puyi near Western Qing Mausoleum near Beijing in 1996)
Spouse Empress Wanrong
Consort Wenxiu
Tan Yuling
Li Yuqin
Li Shuxian
Era dates
Xuantong (Hsüan-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 宣統; 1909 – 1912, 1917)
Datong (Ta-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 大同; 1 March 1932 – 28 February 1934)
Kangde (Kang-te in Wade-Giles spelling; 康德; 1 March 1934 – 17 August 1945)
House House of Aisin Gioro
Father Zaifeng, Prince Chun
Mother Guwalgiya Youlan
Era dates
Xuantong (Hsüan-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 宣統; 1909 – 1912, 1917)
Datong (Ta-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 大同; 1 March 1932 – 28 February 1934)
Kangde (Kang-te in Wade-Giles spelling; 康德; 1 March 1934 – 17 August 1945)
Puyi
Traditional Chinese 溥儀
Simplified Chinese 溥仪
Styles of
Emperor Puyi\Xuantong\Kangde Emperor
Imperial standard of the Qing Emperor.svg
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Sire

Puyi (Chinese: 溥儀; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, commonly known as Henry Pu Yi, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty. When a child, he ruled as the Xuantong Emperor (Chinese: 宣統帝) from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the successful Xinhai Revolution. From 1 to 12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun. In 1932, after the occupation of Manchuria the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Chief Executive' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung). In 1934, he was declared the Kangde Emperor (or Kang-te Emperor) of Manchukuo and ruled until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress.

Puyi's name is romanized in English as either "Puyi" or "Pu-yi". This naming is in accordance with the Manchu tradition of avoiding the use of a person's clan name and given name together, but is in complete contravention of Chinese tradition, whereby the given name of a ruler was considered taboo and ineffable. Using a former emperor's personal name (or even using a Chinese character from the name) was a punishable offense under traditional Chinese law. However, after Puyi lost his imperial title in 1924, he was officially styled "Mr. Puyi" (Mr. Pu-yi; simplified Chinese: 溥仪先生; traditional Chinese: 溥儀先生; pinyin: Pǔyí Xiānshēng) in Chinese. His clan name "Aisin Gioro" (simplified Chinese: 爱新觉罗; traditional Chinese: 愛新覺羅; pinyin: Àixīnjuéluó; Wade–Giles: Ai4-hsin1-chüeh2-lo2) was seldom used.


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