The Renault R.S.16 is a Formula One racing car designed by the Renault Sport Formula One Team to compete in the 2016 Formula One season, and marks Renault's return to the sport as a constructor after a five-year absence. The car was built in Enstone in Oxfordshire with the engine supplied from Viry-Châtillon in France. It was driven by former McLaren driver Kevin Magnussen and 2014 GP2 Series champion Jolyon Palmer. Renault chairman Carlos Ghosn declared that they would not win in 2016, but wanted to in the future. The Renault R.S.16 was originally based on the Lotus E23 Hybrid car despite previously sported the Mercedes power units.

After the good results of the previous season, 2016 was a disaster for Renault. The car's main weakness was its last year chassis: it was unreliable and not suitable with Renault R.E.16 power unit, which prevented the team from finishing races, upset the balance of the car and meant that the team could not optimise the position of its ballast, as many of its rivals could. The team also scraped into the season by a narrow margin after the chassis failed the mandatory FIA crash test three times.

Renault finished ninth in the Constructors' Championship, scoring only 8 points throughout the whole season - the team's worst season since 1978 and 2014 respectively.

() (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

† – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

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