Republic of Baden
| Republic of Baden Republik Baden |
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| State of Germany | ||||||
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Anthem Badnerlied |
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| Capital | Karlsruhe | |||||
| Government | Republic | |||||
| President | ||||||
| • | 1918–1920 (first) | Anton Geiß | ||||
| • | 1933–1945 (last) | Walter Köhler | ||||
| Reichsstatthalter | ||||||
| • | 1933–1945 | Robert Wagner | ||||
| Legislature | Landtag | |||||
| Historical era | Interwar · World War II | |||||
| • | Established | 14 November 1918 | ||||
| • | Constitution enacted | 13 April 1919 | ||||
| • | Abolition (de facto) | 11 March 1933 | ||||
| • | Abolition (de jure) | 1945 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | 1925 | 15,070 km2(5,819 sq mi) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 1925 | 2,312,462 | ||||
| Density | 153.4 /km2 (397.4 /sq mi) | |||||
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The Republic of Baden (German: Republik Baden) was a German state that existed during the time of the Weimar Republic, formed after the abolition of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1918. It is now part of the modern German state of Baden-Württemberg.
With revolution threatening the German Empire in the dying days of World War I, the state ministry of the Grand Duchy of Baden passed an electoral reform on 2 November 1918 in a final attempt to preserve the monarchy there. On 8 November, workers' and soldiers' councils were established in Lahr and Offenburg. On the following day, similar councils were established in Mannheim and Karlsruhe and the entire Badische state ministry stepped down.
On 10 November, a provisional government was formed in Karlsruhe and an assembly of the various revolutionary councils was held on the following day. On 13 November, Grand Duke Frederick II, relinquished all governing duties and eventually abdicated on 22 November, almost a week before the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
The provisional government declared the establishment of the freie Volksrepublik Baden (Free Peoples' Republic of Baden) on 14 November 1918, and set 5 January 1919 as the date for new elections.
A national assembly was created on January 12, 1919, with the Christian democratic Centre Party emerging as the strongest party ahead of the centre-left SPD. Together, these two parties received 91.5% of all votes. On April 1, the Badische parliament (Landtag) formed a government from members of the Weimar Coalition. Until 1933, Baden was mostly governed by the Centre Party.
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