Second Federal Republic of Mexico
| United Mexican States | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Estados Unidos Mexicanos | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Motto La Patria es Primero The Country is First |
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Anthem Himno Nacional Mexicano "National Anthem of Mexico" |
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 The United Mexican States in 1852, prior to the Gadsden Purchase.
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| Capital | Mexico City | |||||||||||||||||||
| Languages | Spanish (official), Nahuatl, Yucatec Maya, Mixtecan languages, Zapotec languages | |||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Federal republic | |||||||||||||||||||
| President | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1846 | José Mariano Salas | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1858–1864 | Benito Juárez | ||||||||||||||||||
| Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1846–1847 | Valentín Gómez Farías | ||||||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Congress | |||||||||||||||||||
| • | Upper house | Senate | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | Lower house | Chamber of Deputies | ||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1824 Constitution restored | 22 August 1846 | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | Mexican–American War | 1846–1848 | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | 2 February 1848 | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | Gadsden Purchase | 25 April 1854 | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | Constitution of 1857 | 5 February 1857 | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | Empire reestablished | 10 July 1863 | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | Maximilian I accepts the crown | 10 April 1864 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1852 | 2,049,395 km² (791,276 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1857 | 1,972,550 km² (761,606 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1852 est. | 7,661,919 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Density | 3.7 /km² (9.7 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1857 est. | 8,287,413 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Density | 4.2 /km² (10.9 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1864 est. | 8,629,982 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Density | 4.4 /km² (11.3 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Mexican real | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Mexico United States
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The Second Federal Republic of Mexico (Spanish: Segunda República Federal de México) is the name given to the second attempt to achieve a federalist government in Mexico. Officially called the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos), a federal republic was implemented again on August 22, 1846 when interim president José Mariano Salas issued a decree restoring the 1824 constitution.
Like the Mexican Empire, the First Federal Republic and the Centralist Republic it was a chaotic period, marked by political instability that resulted in several internal conflicts which comprised the Reform War. Other events during this period were the dictatorship of Santa Anna, the sale of the Mesilla Valley and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1857. During this period, there were two international conflicts: the conclusion of the war between Mexico and the United States (where Mexico was forced to cede more than half its territory) and the war with France.
The Federal Republic lasted almost 17 years and was ruled by 14 presidents (of which only José Joaquín de Herrera completed his term). The Republic was dissolved on July 10, 1863 with the decree of a change of government to a model of hereditary monarchy; this began the Second Mexican Empire, ruled by Maximilian I.
In the midst of war with the United States, Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga staged a coup against the government of interim President José Joaquín de Herrera. Shortly afterwards, the Congress appointed him as interim president; the vice presidency went to Nicolás Bravo.
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