Siamese coup d'état of 1933

The Siamese Coup d’état of June 1933 (Thai: รัฐประหาร 20 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2476) was considered the first time in Thai history that the military successfully overthrew the constitutional government. The coup took place peacefully on 20 June 1933 in Bangkok. The coup was led by Colonel Phraya Phahol Pholphayuhasena against the premiership of the Premier Phraya Manopakorn Nititada. The coup was in effect a counter-coup against the dictatorial policies of Phraya Mano stemming from the Yellow cover dossier crisis.

On 24 June 1932, the Khana Ratsadon (or the People's Party) carried out a peaceful revolution against the rule of King Prajadhipok (or Rama VII) the absolute monarch of Siam. The party forced the king to give up his absolute powers and gave the Siamese people their first written constitution. On 10 December of that year, a "permanent" charter was promulgated with the blessings of the new constitutional monarch.

The constitution stripped the king of most of his powers, where they were instead exercised by the new Government of Siam; which included the People's Assembly (Thai: สภาผู้แทนราษฎร) (the legislature), the People's Committee (Thai: คณะกรรมการราษฎร), (the executive) and the Supreme Court, (the judiciary) (Thai: ศาลฎีกา). The president of this new Public Committee would be the head of government and in effect de facto Prime Minister of Siam. The role was offered and accepted by the 48-year-old former Minister of Justice, Privy Councillor and Middle Temple lawyer Phraya Manopakorn Nititada. His title was later changed to prime minister after the old title was deemed too communistic. Phraya Mano was considered at the time the least controversial choice for the post of prime minister due to his lack of conflict, his neutrality, and whose hands were deemed the "cleanest".

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