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Spanish Republican Army

Spanish Republican Army
Ejército de la República Española (1931–1936)
Ejército Popular de la República (1936–1939)
Flag of Spain (1931 - 1939).svg
Active 1931 – 1936 (First phase)
16 October 1936 – 29 March 1939 (Second phase)
Country Spain
Branch Spanish Republican Armed Forces
Type Army
Role Ground defence
Size 750,000
Equipment • 1500 pieces of artillery
• 800 Tanks and Armoured vehicles
Engagements Insurrection in Asturias, Spanish Civil War
Commanders
Notable Civil War commanders Vicente Rojo Lluch
José Asensio Torrado
Domingo Batet
Toribio Martínez Cabrera
Arturo Álvarez-Buylla Godino
Aureliano Álvarez-Coque
José Miaja Menant
Juan Hernández Saravia
Juan Guilloto Modesto
Francisco Llano de la Encomienda
Enrique Jurado Barrio
Leopoldo Menéndez López
Augusto Pérez Garmendia
Sebastián Pozas Perea
Mariano Gamir Ulibarri
Antonio Escobar Huerta
Segismundo Casado
Cipriano Mera
Manuel Matallana Gómez
Enrique Líster
Manuel Tagüeña
Juan Rodríguez Lozano
José María Galán
Francisco Galán
Miguel Campins
José Cantero Ortega
Juan Perea Capulino
Rogelio Caridad Pita
Luis Castelló Pantoja
Nicolás Molero
Miguel Núñez de Prado
Adolfo Prada Vaquero
Miguel Gallo Martínez
Augusto Pérez Garmendia
Ildefonso Puigdendolas
Etelvino Vega
Luis Barceló Jover
Francisco Ciutat de Miguel
Leoncio Jaso Paz
Julio Mangada
José Rico Martín
Carlos Romero Giménez
Enrique Salcedo
Ricardo Sanz
Valentín González El Campesino
Antonio Yáñez-Barnuevo
Mariano Zapico
Antonio Cordón García
Insignia
Identification
symbol
Bandera de la II República Española.PNG
Identification
symbol
Coat of Arms of Spain (1931-1939).svg

The Spanish Republican Army, Spanish: Ejército de la República Española, was the main branch of the Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1939.

It became known as People's Republican Army (Ejército Popular de la República) after it was reorganized, following the disbandment of the voluntary militias that were formed in July 1936 at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

The Spanish Republican Army went through two clear phases during its existence:

The losing of the last colonies, Cuba and Philippines in 1898 made the popularity of the armed forces wane in Spain. Military leaders resented the attitude of the Spanish politicians and the public opinion who unjustly blamed the Spanish Military for the failures in the colonies. In November 1905 Spanish Army personnel stormed the offices of Catalan magazine Cu-Cut!, where also En Patufet and La Veu de Catalunya were located, for having published a caricature ridiculing the military.

Following the attacks, the Captain generals of Sevilla, Barcelona and Madrid openly opposed the prosecution of those members of the military involved in the storming. This crisis led in 1906 to the approval of the Ley de Jurisdicciones ("Law of Jurisdictions"), which severely restricted freedom of expression in Spain by making speech against "Spain and its symbols"—the Spanish Armed Forces including themselves as one of the symbols— a criminal offence. According to renowned writer Salvador de Madariaga the Spanish Armed Forces became henceforward a "State within the State" that would interfere in civilian matters in an overbearing manner, becoming a major player in Spanish politics. Other Spanish intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno and Ramiro de Maeztu were seriously worried at the time about the future implications of the "Law of Jurisdictions". Unamuno openly expressed his concern that it would be left to the military to define what was correct regarding patriotism.


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