Tangmi

Tángmì (唐密 literally "Tang Mysteries" or "Tang Esotericism") refers to the traditions of Vajrayana Buddhism that have flourished among the Chinese people since the Tang dynasty in China. These traditions may also be referred to as Hànchuán Mìzōng (漢傳密宗 the "Han Chinese Transmission of the Esoteric (or Mystery) Tradition"."Han Transmission Esoteric School" (Hànmì 漢密 for short)

In China and countries with large Chinese populations such as Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore, Chinese Esoteric Buddhism is commonly referred as Tángmì (唐密) "Tang Dynasty Esoterica", or Hànchuán Mìzōng (漢傳密宗), "Han Chinese Transmission of the Esoteric Tradition" (Hànmì 漢密, "Han Mysteries", for short). It is sometimes referred as Dōngmì (東密) "Eastern Esotericism", meaning the succession of Tang Esoterica in Japan (east to China) transmitted by the Japanese monk Kūkai. Being parts of Esoteric Buddhism (Vajrayana), Tángmì and Dōngmì can be very different from those in Tibetan and Newar traditions, in aspects like yidams, dharmapalas, rituals, the main sutras, and the related Buddhist texts. In a more general sense, the Chinese term Mìzōng (密宗) "Esoteric Tradition" is the most popular term used when referring to any form of Esoteric Buddhism.

These traditions more or less share the same doctrines as Shingon Buddhism, with many of its students themselves traveling to Japan to be given transmission at Mount Kōya.

Esoteric teachings followed the same route into northern China as Buddhism itself, arriving via the Silk Road sometime during the first half of the 7th century, during the Tang Dynasty. Vajrayana practices arrived from India just as Buddhism was reaching its zenith in China, and received sanction from the emperors of the Tang dynasty. During this time, three great masters came from India to China:

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