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Vibrating strings


A vibration in a string is a wave. Resonance causes a vibrating string to produce a sound with constant frequency, i.e. constant pitch. If the length or tension of the string is correctly adjusted, the sound produced is a musical note. Vibrating strings are the basis of string instruments such as guitars, cellos, and pianos.

The velocity of propagation of a wave in a string () is proportional to the square root of the force of tension of the string () (this relationship for frequency, proportional to wave velocity, was discovered by Vincenzo Galilei in the late 1500s) and inversely proportional to the square root of the linear density () of the string:


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