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Chloroethane

Chloroethane
Skeletal formula of chloroethane
Skeletal formula of chloroethane with stereo bonds
Ball-and-stick model of chloroethane
Names
IUPAC name
Chloroethane
Other names
Ethyl chloride, Monochloroethane, Chlorene, Muriatic ether, EtCl, UN 1037, Hydrochloric ether
Identifiers
75-00-3 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:47554 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL46058 YesY
ChemSpider 6097 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.755
KEGG D04088 YesY
PubChem 6337
RTECS number KH7525000
UNII 46U771ERWK YesY
Properties
C2H5Cl
Molar mass 64.51 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Pungent, ethereal
Density 0.921 g/cm3 (0-4 °C)
0.8898 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point −138.7 °C (−217.7 °F; 134.5 K)
Boiling point 12.27 °C (54.09 °F; 285.42 K)
decomposes at 510 °C
0.447 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.574 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility Soluble in alcohol, ether
Solubility in ethanol 48.3 g/100 g (21 °C)
Vapor pressure 8.4 kPa (-40 °C)
62.3 kPa (0 °C)
134.6 kPa (20 °C)
11.1 L·atm/mol (24 °C)
1.3676 (20 °C)
1.001 (25 °C)
Viscosity 0.279 cP (10 °C)
Structure
2.06 D
Thermochemistry
104.3 J/mol·K
275.7 J/mol·K
-137 kJ/mol
-59.3 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
N01BX01 (WHO)
Hazards
Main hazards Flammable
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
H220, H280, H351, H412
P210, P273, P281, P410+403
Extremely Flammable F+ Harmful Xn
R-phrases R12, R40, R52/53
S-phrases S9, S16, S33, S36/37, S61
NFPA 704
Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g., phosphorus Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K)
open cup
−50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
closed cup
494 to 519 °C (921 to 966 °F; 767 to 792 K)
Explosive limits 3.8%-15.4%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
59,701 ppm (rat, 2 hr)
54,478 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
40,000 ppm (guinea pig, 45 min)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
Handle with caution in the workplace.
IDLH (Immediate danger)
3800 ppm
Related compounds
Related haloalkanes
1,1-dichloroethane

1,2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
bromoethane
chloromethane

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

1,2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
bromoethane
chloromethane

Chloroethane or monochloroethane, commonly known by its old name ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula C
2
H
5
Cl
, once widely used in producing tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive. It is a colorless, flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor.

Chloroethane is produced by hydrochlorination of ethene:

At various times in the past, chloroethane has also been produced from ethanol and hydrochloric acid, or from ethane and chlorine, but these routes are no longer economical. Some chloroethane is generated as a byproduct of polyvinyl chloride production. Should demand for chloroethane continue to fall to the point where making it for its own sake is not economical, this may become the leading source of the chemical.

Beginning in 1922 and continuing through most of the 20th century, the major use of chloroethane was to produce tetraethyllead (TEL), an anti-knock additive for gasoline. TEL has been or is being phased out in most of the industrialized world, and the demand for chloroethane has fallen sharply. It also reacts with aluminium metal to give ethylaluminium sesquichloride, a precursor to polymers and other useful organoaluminium compounds.


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Wikipedia

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