Cyanogen
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| Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Oxalonitrile
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| Other names
Ethanedinitrile
Cyanogen Bis(nitridocarbon)(C—C) Dicyan Carbon nitride Oxalic acid dinitrile Dicyanogen Nitriloacetonitrile Oxalyl cyanide |
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (Jmol)
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| 1732464 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.643 | ||
| EC Number | 207-306-5 | ||
| 1090 | |||
| MeSH | cyanogen | ||
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PubChem CID
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| RTECS number | GT1925000 | ||
| UN number | 1026 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| (CN)2 | |||
| Appearance | Colourless gas | ||
| Odor | pungent, almond-like | ||
| Density | 950 mg mL−1 (at −21 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −28 °C (−18 °F; 245 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −21.1 °C; −6.1 °F; 252.0 K | ||
| 45 g/100 mL (at 20 °C) | |||
| Solubility | soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether | ||
| Vapor pressure | 5.1 atm (21 °C) | ||
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Henry's law
constant (kH) |
1.9 μmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| -21.6·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.327 (18 °C) | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
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Std molar
entropy (S |
241.57 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
309.07 kJ mol−1 | ||
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
−1.0978–−1.0942 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | forms cyanide in the body; flammable | ||
| Safety data sheet | inchem.org | ||
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EU classification (DSD)
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 F+  T  N
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| R-phrases | R12, R23, R50/53 | ||
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S16, S33, S45, S63 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Explosive limits | 6.6–32% | ||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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none | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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TWA 10 ppm (20 mg/m3) | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D. | ||
| Related compounds | |||
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Related alkanenitriles
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Related compounds
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DBNPA | ||
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the formula (CN)2. It is a colorless, toxic gas with a pungent odor. The molecule is a pseudohalogen. Cyanogen molecules consist of two CN groups – analogous to diatomic halogen molecules, such as Cl2, but far less oxidizing. The two cyano groups are bonded together at their carbon atoms: N≡C−C≡N, although other isomers have been detected. Certain derivatives of cyanogen are also called "cyanogen" even though they contain only one CN group. For example, cyanogen bromide has the formula NCBr.
Cyanogen is the anhydride of oxamide:
although oxamide is manufactured from cyanogen by hydrolysis:
Cyanogen is typically generated from cyanide compounds. One laboratory method entails thermal decomposition of mercuric cyanide:
Alternatively, one can combine solutions of copper(II) salts (such as copper(II) sulfate) with cyanides, an unstable copper(II) cyanide is formed which rapidly decomposes into copper(I) cyanide and cyanogen.
Industrially, it is created by the oxidation of hydrogen cyanide, usually using chlorine over an activated silicon dioxide catalyst or nitrogen dioxide over a copper salt. It is also formed when nitrogen and acetylene are reacted by an electrical spark or discharge.
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