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Great Northern War

Great Northern War
Great Northern War.jpg
Clockwise from top: Battle of Narva, Battle of Düna, Battle of Poltava, Battle of Gangut, Battle of Gadebusch
Date 22 February 1700 – 10 September 1721
(21 years, 6 months and 19 days, N.S.)
Location Northern, Eastern and Central Europe
Result

Coalition victory:

Territorial
changes
Treaty of Nystad: Russia gains the three dominions Estonia, Livonia and Ingria as well as parts of Kexholm and Viborg.
: Prussia gains parts of Swedish Pomerania.
Hanover gains Bremen-Verden.
Treaty of Frederiksborg: Holstein–Gottorp loses its part of the Duchy of Schleswig to Denmark.
Treaty of the Pruth: Azov and area is ceded back to the Ottoman Empire. Russia demolishes strategic castles such as Taganrog. Charles XII of Sweden gets safe passage from Turkey to Sweden in 1711.
Belligerents

Sweden Swedish Empire

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1704–09)
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
(1710–14)

Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain
(1719–20)
Dutch Republic Dutch Republic
(1700)

Kingdom of England Kingdom of England (1700)

Russia Tsardom of Russia

Electorate of Saxony Electorate of Saxony
(1700–06, 1709–19)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1701–04, 1704–09, 1709–19)
Denmark Denmark–Norway
(1700, 1709–20)
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia (1715–21)
Province of Hanover Electorate of Hanover (1715–19)

Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain
(1717–19)
 Moldavia
(1711)
Commanders and leaders

Sweden Charles XII (–1718)
Sweden Eleonora I (1718–20)
Sweden Frederick I (1720–)

Frederick IV (–1702)
Duke Charles (1702–)
Stanisław I

Ottoman Empire Ahmed III

Ivan Mazepa † (1708–)
Kingdom of Great Britain George I

Russia Peter I

Electorate of Saxony 
Augustus II
(personal union)

Denmark Frederick IV

Ivan Mazepa (1700–08)

Kingdom of Prussia Frederick William I

Province of Hanover 
Kingdom of Great Britain
George I
(personal union)
Strength

Initial force:
Sweden: 76,000
: 5,000
Temporary support (1700):
Brunswick-Lüneburg: 10,000
Dutch Republic: 13 ships
Kingdom of England: 12 ships

Later allies (1704–14):
: 24,000
Ottoman Empire: 130,000
: 4,000

Initial force:
Russia: 110,000
Electorate of Saxony: 30,000
: 50,000
Denmark: 40,000
: 30,000

Later allies (1715–20):
Kingdom of Prussia: 50,000
Province of Hanover: 20,000
Casualties and losses

About 200,000 Swedish: 25,000 killed in combat,

175,000 killed by famine, disease and exhaustion.
Unknown.
At least 75,000 Russians killed in combat.
14,000–20,000 Poles, Saxons and 8,000 Danes killed in the larger battles.
60,000 Danes dead in total between 1709–1719.

Coalition victory:

Sweden Swedish Empire

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1704–09)
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
(1710–14)

Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain
(1719–20)
Dutch Republic Dutch Republic
(1700)


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