Krasnogvardeysk
| Gatchina Гатчина (Russian) | |
|---|---|
| - Town - | |
 Roshchinskaya Street in Gatchina | |
.svg) Location of Leningrad Oblast in Russia | |
  Gatchina
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| Town Day | Third Saturday of September |
| Administrative status (as of June 2013) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Leningrad Oblast |
| Administrative district | Gatchinsky District |
| Settlement municipal formation | Gatchinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation |
| Administrative center of | Gatchinsky District, Gatchinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation |
| Municipal status (as of May 2010) | |
| Municipal district | Gatchinsky Municipal District |
| Urban settlement | Gatchinskoye Urban Settlement |
| Administrative center of | Gatchinsky Municipal District, Gatchinskoye Urban Settlement |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 92,937 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 184th |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| First mentioned | 1499 |
| Town status since | 1796 |
| Previous names |
Khotchino, Gatchina (until February 14, 1923), Trotsk (until August 2, 1929), Krasnogvardeysk (until January 28, 1944) |
| Postal code(s) | 188300-188310, 188319, 188399 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 81371 |
| Website |
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| on | |
Gatchina (Russian: Га́тчина, Russian pronunciation: [ˈɡat͡ɕːɪnə]) is a town and the administrative center of Gatchinsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located 45 kilometers (28 mi) south of St. Petersburg, along the E95 highway leading to Pskov. Population: 92,937 (2010 Census);88,420 (2002 Census);79,714 (1989 Census).
Gatchina is the largest town in Leningrad Oblast, and is best known as the location of the Great Gatchina Palace, one of the main residences of the Russian Imperial Family during the 18th and 19th centuries. Gatchina is frequently placed high in quality of life rankings in Russia, and the historic center and Gatchina Palace are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site's Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments.
Gatchina was first documented in 1499 under the name Khotchino as a village in possession of the Novgorod Republic. In the 17th century it was passed to Livonia and then to Sweden in a series of wars, until the early years of the Great Northern War at the turn of the 1700s when the area was returned to Russia. In 1703, Gatchina found itself in the southern vicinity of the new Russian capital, Saint Petersburg, which was being constructed 45 kilometers (28 mi) north at the mouth of the Neva River. Despite technically still belonging to Swedish Ingria, in 1708, Gatchina was given by Peter the Great to his sister, Natalya Alexeyevna, and after her death in 1716 Peter founded an Imperial Hospital and Apothecary there. In 1765, it became the property of Count Orlov.
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