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Methyl alcohol

Methanol
Skeletal formula of methanol with some explicit hydrogens added
Spacefill model of methanol
Stereo skeletal formula of methanol with all explicit hydrogen added
Ball and stick model of methanol
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Methanol
Other names
Carbinol
Columbian spirits
Hydroxymethane
Methyl alcohol
Methyl hydrate
Methyl hydroxide
Methylic alcohol
Methylol
Pyroligneous spirit
Wood alcohol
Wood naphtha
Wood spirit
Identifiers
67-56-1 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
3DMet B01170
1098229
ChEBI CHEBI:17790 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL14688 YesY
ChemSpider 864 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.599
EC Number 200-659-6
449
KEGG D02309 YesY
MeSH Methanol
PubChem 887
RTECS number PC1400000
UNII Y4S76JWI15 YesY
UN number 1230
Properties
CH
3OH
Molar mass 32.04 g mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Density 0.792 g·cm−3
Melting point −97.6 °C (−143.7 °F; 175.6 K)
Boiling point 64.7 °C (148.5 °F; 337.8 K)
miscible
log P -0.69
Vapor pressure 13.02 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 15.5
-21.40·10−6 cm3/mol
1.33141
Viscosity 0.545 mPa×s (at 25 °C)
1.69 D
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The skull-and-crossbones pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
H225, H301, H311, H331, H370
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+310, P303+361+353, P304+340, P330
Highly Flammable F Toxic T
R-phrases R11, R23/24/25, R39/23/24/25
S-phrases (S1/2), S7, S16, S36/37, S45
NFPA 704
Flammability code 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g., gasoline) Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 11 to 12 °C (52 to 54 °F; 284 to 285 K)
470 °C (878 °F; 743 K)
Explosive limits 6%-36%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 5628 mg/kg (rat, oral)
7300 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
12880 mg/kg (rat, oral)
14200 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
64,000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
33,082 ppm (cat, 6 hr)
37,594 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) ST 250 ppm (325 mg/m3) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 6000 ppm
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Methanethiol
Silanol
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Methanol (/ˈmɛθənɒl/), also known as methyl alcohol among others, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (often abbreviated MeOH). Methanol acquired the name "wood alcohol" because it was once produced chiefly as a byproduct of the destructive distillation of wood. Today, industrial methanol is produced in a catalytic process directly from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

Methanol is the simplest alcohol, being only a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group. It is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol). However, unlike ethanol, methanol is highly toxic and unfit for consumption. At room temperature, it is a polar liquid, and is used as an antifreeze, solvent, fuel, and as a denaturant for ethanol. It is also used for producing biodiesel via transesterification reaction.


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