Powys Fadog
| Principality of Powys Fadog | ||||||||||
| Tywysogaeth Powys Fadog | ||||||||||
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 Powys as divided in 1190.
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| Capital | Dinas Brân and Glyndyfrdwy | |||||||||
| Languages | Middle Welsh | |||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| King | ||||||||||
| • | 1160–1191 | Gruffydd Maelor I | ||||||||
| • | 1191–1236 | Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor | ||||||||
| • | 1236–1269 | Gruffydd II | ||||||||
| • | 1269–1277 | Madog II | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||
| • | Established | 1160 | ||||||||
| • | Conquered and dismantled by England | 1277 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Wales
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| ^ Powys Fadog was often known in English as Lower Powys | ||||||||||
Powys Fadog (English: Lower Powys or Madog's Powys) was the northern portion of the former princely realm of Powys, which split in two following the death of Madog ap Maredudd in 1160. The realm was divided under Welsh law, with Madog's nephew Owain Cyfeiliog inheriting the south (see Powys Wenwynwyn) and his son Gruffydd Maelor I, who inherited the north.
Gruffydd received the cantref of Maelor and the commote of Iâl as his portion and later added Nanheudwy, Cynllaith, Glyndyfrdwy and Mochnant Is Rhaeadr. This northern realm became known as Powys Fadog after the accession of his son Madog ap Gruffudd in 1191 who reigned until 1236, and after whom it may be named (see alternative translations above). During his reign, Madog initially adopted a neutral position between Gwynedd and England but by 1215 had settled on an alliance with Llywelyn ab Iorwerth of Gwynedd. This policy of alliance with Gwynedd continued under his successor Gruffudd II over his thirty-three year reign (1236-1269). This alliance was formalised when Powys Fadog became vassal of Llywelyn the Great in his role as Prince of Wales under the terms of the Treaty of Montgomery in 1267.
When Gruffydd II died in 1269, his eldest son Madog II succeeded to the throne but the small portion of the realm awarded to his younger brothers caused rebellion in which England became malevolently engaged. By 1276 Powys Fadog was in disorder with brother fighting brother, and this conflagration soon became a small part in the campaign being waged by the English Crown against the fragile Welsh confederation.
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Wikipedia