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Prince Charles Edward Stuart

Charles Edward Stuart
"Charles III"
Lost Portrait of Charles Edward Stuart.jpg
Charles Edward Stuart, by Allan Ramsay, painted at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, late autumn 1745. Collection of Earl of Wemyss, Gosford House
Jacobite pretender
Pretendence 1 January 1766 – 31 January 1788
Predecessor James "III and VIII"
Successor Henry "IX"
Born (1720-12-31)31 December 1720
Palazzo Muti, Rome, States of the Church
Died 31 January 1788(1788-01-31) (aged 67)
Palazzo Muti, Rome, States of the Church
Burial St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Spouse Louise of Stolberg-Gedern
Issue Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany (illegitimate)
Full name
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Severino Maria Stuart
House Stuart
Father James Francis Edward Stuart
Mother Maria Clementina Sobieska
Religion Roman Catholicism
Full name
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Severino Maria Stuart

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788), commonly known in Britain during his lifetime as The Young Pretender and The Young Chevalier, and often known in retrospective accounts as Bonnie Prince Charlie, was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III) from the death of his father in 1766. This claim was based on his status as the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, himself the son of James VII and II. Charles is perhaps best known as the instigator of the unsuccessful Jacobite uprising of 1745, in which he led an insurrection to restore his family to the throne of Great Britain. The uprising ended in defeat at the Battle of Culloden, effectively terminating the Jacobite cause. Jacobites supported the Stuart claim because they hoped for religious toleration for Roman Catholics and because they believed in the divine right of kings. Charles's flight from Scotland after the uprising has rendered him a romantic figure of heroic failure in some later representations. In 1759 he was involved in a French plan to invade Britain, which was abandoned after British naval victories.

Charles was born in the Palazzo Muti, Rome, Italy, on 31 December 1720, where his father had been given a residence by Pope Clement XI. He spent almost all his childhood in Rome and Bologna. He was the son of the Old Pretender, James, son of the exiled Stuart King James VII and II, and Maria Clementina Sobieska, the granddaughter of John III Sobieski, most famous for the victory over the Ottoman Turks in the 1683 Battle of Vienna.


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