Question

Caffeine

Clinical data
Pronunciation	/kæˈfiːn, ˈkæfiːn/
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Pregnancy category	AU: A US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Dependence liability	Physical: low–moderate Psychological: low
Addiction liability	Low / None
Routes of administration	oral, insufflation, enema, rectal, intravenous
Drug class	stimulant
ATC code	N06BC01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: unscheduled
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	99%
Protein binding	25–36%
Metabolism	Primary: CYP1A2 Minor: CYP2E1,CYP3A4,CYP2C8,CYP2C9
Metabolites	Paraxanthine (84%) Theobromine (12%) Theophylline (4%)
Onset of action	~1 hour
Biological half-life	Adults: 3–7 hours Neonates: 65–130 hours
Duration of action	3–4 hours
Excretion	urine (100%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
Synonyms	Guaranine Methyltheobromine 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine Theine
CAS Number	58-08-2 Y
PubChem CID	2519
IUPHAR/BPS	407
DrugBank	DB00201 Y
ChemSpider	Wikipedia