Rivers of Adelaide

Question

This piglix contains articles or sub-piglix about Rivers of Adelaide

Answer 1

Barker Inlet

Barker Inlet

The Barker Inlet is a tidal inlet of the Gulf St Vincent in Adelaide, South Australia, named after Captain Collet Barker who first sighted it in 1831. It contains one of the southernmost mangrove forests in the world, a dolphin sanctuary, seagrass meadows and is an important fish and shellfish breeding ground. The inlet separates Torrens Island and Garden Island from the mainland to the East and is characterized by a network of tidal creeks, artificially deepened channels, and wide mudflats. The extensive belt of mangroves are bordered by samphire saltmarsh flats and low-lying sand dunes, there are two boardwalks (at Garden Island and St Kilda), and ships graveyards in Broad Creek, Angas Inlet and the North Arm.

The inlet has been adversely impacted since the settlement of South Australia with stormwater and raw sewage discharge, fishing, landfill rubbish dumping, power generation and other activities adversely affecting its flora and fauna. Much of this has changed with the landfill dump on adjacent Garden Island closed in 2000 and remediation work begun. Some stormwater is now being filtered through wetlands before discharge and the inlet has been declared a reserve for the preservation of dolphins, fish, crabs and aquatic plants. The mangroves and waterways are still affected by the adjacent salt crystallization pans, hot wastewater discharge from Torrens Island power station, heavy metal contamination from stormwater and treated sewage, and disturbances from boat traffic.

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Answer 2

Brown Hill Creek

Brown Hill Creek

The Brown Hill Creek, also known as Willawilla in the Kaurna language, part of the Patawalonga River catchment, is a watercourse located in the western suburbs of the Adelaide metropolitan area, in the Australian state of South Australia.

The creek rises on the western slopes of the Mount Lofty Ranges and flows generally in a west-north-west direction. The creek runs through the suburb of Brown Hill Creek with the area around the mouth of creek in the suburb of Mitcham. This area was known to the Kaurna people of the Adelaide Plains as Wirraparinga, meaning "creek and scrub place". After the proclamation of Adelaide on 28 December 1836, one of the earliest outlying communities to spring up was that of Mitcham, in 1840.

The dominating hill behind Mitcham is called Brown Hill, along with two other significant hills in the Adelaide hills face, Greenhill and Black Hill. It was grazed early on in the history of Adelaide's white settlement, and has since retained a cover of grass, with few trees or shrubs, thus appearing brown in summer, and green in winter.

The creek valley behind the hill has contained some form of park for many years; a stone plaque declaring a "pleasure resort" from the early part of the 20th century still stands at the entrance to the valley. Today, there is a popular caravan park in the mouth of the valley, and a recreation reserve extending several kilometres up the main creek valley behind it. The upper reaches of the creek are utilised especially for market gardening, and also some pasture. In the 1870s, some of the upper gullies of the creek were considered as a possible location for a reservoir, to supply Adelaide's growing population with water. Thorndon Park reservoir was eventually built instead.

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Answer 3

Dry Creek (South Australia)

Dry Creek or Dry Creek Drain (34°47′40″S 138°34′39″E / 34.79444°S 138.57750°E / -34.79444; 138.57750) is a seasonal stream in South Australia. In season it flows from its source near Yatala Vale in the Mount Lofty Ranges to the Barker Inlet of the Gulf St Vincent via a manufactured drain near Globe Derby Park. It passes through Modbury, Walkley Heights and Pooraka.

The suburb of Dry Creek and Dry Creek railway station are named after the stream.

Yatala Labour Prison was established in the 1850s next to Dry Creek and was alternately known at the time as the Dry Creek Prison or the Stockade. Dry Creek is mostly dry in summer and flows through a deep gully at the rear of the prison with outcrops of exposed pre-Cambrian rocks that were extensively quarried as part of prison activity.

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Answer 4

Field River

Field River

The Field River is an urban watercourse located in the southern suburbs of Adelaide in the Australian state of South Australia.

Part of the Onkaparinga River catchment that drains the western slopes of the Mount Lofty Ranges, the Field River has a total area of 55.3 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and drains the Happy Valley Reservoir, part of Main South Road and the Southern Expressway. Suburbs bordering the river include Hallett Cove, Reynella, Shiedow Park, Trott Park, Happy Valley and Woodcroft.

The stream flow of the Field River is highly seasonal and variable with an average annual runoff of 5,100 million litres (1.1×10⁹ imperial gallons; 1.3×10⁹ US gallons). The majority of the stream can dry out completely during summer, staying that way well into autumn. The final portion of the river is spring fed and flows into the Gulf St Vincent all year round.

The Field River flows through or is bordered by the City of Marion and City of Onkaparinga. The lower reaches of the river ran through private property owned by the Sheidow family until 1993 when the land was sold for housing development and became Cove Point in the suburb of Hallett Cove. The stretch of the river further inland on the south eastern side of Lonsdale Road is presently in private ownership. This parcel of land has been identified as being an important part of the proposed Great Southern Urban Forest of Adelaide.

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Answer 5

Little Para River

Little Para River

The Little Para River is a seasonal creek running across the Adelaide Plains in the Australian state of South Australia, whose catchment fills reservoirs that supply some of the water needs of Adelaide’s northern suburbs.

It runs from its source near Lower Hermitage in the Mount Lofty Ranges, flows north westerly to the Little Para Reservoir and then westerly to the Barker Inlet of the Gulf St Vincent at Globe Derby Park. The lower portion of the river is badly affected by human activity and stormwater runoff but the upper reaches have a good range of biodiversity. The river descends 279 metres (915 ft) over its 29-kilometre (18 mi) course.

As the river flows down from the Adelaide Hills over the Para fault escarpment, it has formed a large alluvial fan on which Salisbury is built. The river is narrow and winding, formerly flooded in heavy rain and rarely reaches its sea outlet. Over time the river has been widened and levees added to reduce this flooding. In the 19th century lack of consistent flow in the river and the absence of an organised water supply system led to the digging of wells. The Little Para refreshes the well's water, mostly held in clay, sand and gravel layers up to 61 metres (200 ft) deep. The Little Para Reservoir is built in the path of the river for water storage and flood mitigation. As the river's catchment is insufficient to fill the reservoir, it is mainly used to store water pumped from the River Murray. Periodically water is released from the reservoir into the river, enabling refreshing of ground water.

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Answer 6

Onkaparinga River

Onkaparinga River

The Onkaparinga River, known as Ngangkiparri in the Kaurna language, is a river located in the South Adelaide region in the Australian state of South Australia.

The Onkaparinga River rises on the slopes of the Mount Lofty Range between Mount Torrens and Charleston and flows generally southwesterly, south of the Adelaide city centre, to reach its mouth at Port Noarlunga. The catchment area is over 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi) in area, and in part includes the protected areas of the Encounter Marine Park, the Onkaparinga River National Park, the Onkaparinga River Recreation Park and the Port Noarlunga Reef Aquatic Reserve. The river descends 422 metres (1,385 ft) over its 88-kilometre (55 mi) course.

The Onkaparinga River is the second major river within the Adelaide metropolitan area, after the River Torrens. It is a source of fresh water for Adelaide. Mount Bold Reservoir was constructed between 1932 and 1938 along a section of its path approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) inland. Much of its flow is diverted via a tunnel from the Clarendon Weir to the Happy Valley Reservoir, that in turn supplies some 40 per cent of Adelaide's water supply. Most years the flow to the reservoir is supplemented by water pumped from the River Murray via a pipeline from Murray Bridge.

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Answer 7

Panalatinga Creek

Panalatinga Creek

The Panalatinga Creek is an urban watercourse located in the southern suburbs of Adelaide in the Australian state of South Australia.

Part of the Onkaparinga River catchment area that drains the western slopes of the Mount Lofty Ranges, the creek rises in the foothills in the southern Adelaide suburbs around Chandlers Hill through to Trott Park, South Australia and reaches its confluence with the Field River near the Southern Expressway. Now no more than a narrow suburban watercourse, Panalatinga Creek's earliest European recorded use was as the source of water for John Reynell's early vineyards around his Chateau Reynella homestead in 1849.

The name of the creek is derived from the Kaurna language word of Pandlotinga, and is sometimes mispronounced as Panatalinga.

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Answer 8

Patawalonga River

Patawalonga River

The Patawalonga River is a river located in the Adelaide Plains district of the Mid North region in the Australian state of South Australia.

The Patawalonga River, sometimes called Patawalonga Creek, and known to local residents as the Pat, is a short river of roughly 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) in length that was, before European settlement, a tidal estuary. The river is serviced by a 210-square-kilometre (81 sq mi) catchment area that exists in metropolitan Adelaide, with its mouth at the suburb of Glenelg.

The Patawalonga serves as an outlet for several creeks including the Keswick, Brownhill Creeks and Sturt Creek (also known as Sturt River), the latter being a former natural creek comprising for a significant part of its length now as a large concrete storm-drain.

The catchment includes the Warriparinga Wetlands (opened 16 December 1998), an artificial wetlands situated near the suburb of Marion designed to filter stormwater before it flows through Sturt Creek to the Patawalonga.

At its mouth the River's flow is regulated by barrages at Glenelg North and then flows past the Holdfast Shores marina development.

The first advocate for damming the Patawalonga was Thomas King MP, a member of State Parliament, who introduced a Bill to enable the Corporation of Glenelg to construct such a dam in 1876. Damming, apart from enabling the Patawalonga to be navigable and thus a safe harbour for yachts and other recreational watercraft, was seen as a means of reducing or removing the odour from the estuary of the river. The dam was ultimately constructed in ca. 1885. King's service to his community is commemorated by a street and bridge over the river connecting Glenelg North with Glenelg, the "King Street Bridge".

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Answer 9

Port River

Port River

The Port River is a river located north of the Adelaide central business district in the Australian state of South Australia.

The Port River is the western branch of the largest tidal estuary on the eastern side of Gulf St Vincent. It extends inland through the historic Inner Harbour of Port Adelaide, to the constructed salt-water West Lakes in the north-western suburbs of Adelaide. The lower reaches of the Port River flow between the Lefevre Peninsula, and the Section Bank and Torrens Island, and form the sea entrance to the port facilities of Adelaide, and connect to the Barker Inlet to the east via the North Arm and Angas Inlet which surround Garden Island. Before European settlement of Adelaide's western suburbs and the construction of various flood mitigation channels and levees, the Port River formed one of the outlets of the River Torrens.

The banks of the river are largely industrialised and have some of Adelaide’s wharves, bulk cargo and container handling facilities, although there are some remnant mangroves. One of its main attractions other than transport is the Port River dolphins, which are the only wild dolphins in the world that live within a city.

Besides shipping using the river’s main channel, a fishing fleet operates out of the North Arm which also has a speed boat club. Recreational boating marinas are located in the Angas Inlet and on the Lefevre Peninsula.. The ASC (formerly the Australian Submarine Corporation) has its construction and maintenance facility and dock at Osborne, and there is a heritage-listed former Quarantine Station on Torrens Island. Several power stations including the Torrens Island Power Station and the Pelican Point Power Station, draw seawater from the Port River for cooling purposes. The Port Adelaide Rowing Club has rowed on the river for one hundred and thirty years, and the river was formerly a frequent venue for the Intervarsity eights race.

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Answer 10

Sturt River

Sturt River

The Sturt River, also known as the Sturt Creek and Warri Parri in the Kaurna language, is a river located in the Adelaide region of the Australian state of South Australia.

The Sturt River rises in Upper Sturt in the Adelaide Hills, it flows through Coromandel Valley, the Sturt Gorge Recreation Park, Marion and Morphettville, before meeting the Patawalonga River in Glenelg North. Along with Brown Hill Creek, it is one of the Patawalonga's most important tributaries. It is considered a significant urban waterway, and was used by the indigenous Kaurna people as a link between the hills and the sea. The Sturt River catchment area extends over 120 square kilometres (46 sq mi), from Heathfield in the Mount Lofty Ranges, to Glenelg North. The river descends 395 metres (1,296 ft) over its 27-kilometre (17 mi) course.

The first inhabitants of the greater Adelaide area, the Kaurna people, referred to Sturt River as Warri Parri, or 'the windy place by the river'. They used it as a movement corridor between the Adelaide Hills and the sea. The river is also significant in Kaurna Dreaming, especially the area known as Warriparinga, where the river leaves its gorge to cross the Adelaide Plains. Other important Kaurna campsites were located south of the Sturt-Patawalonga confluence, and at Chambers Gully in Coromandel Valley.

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